160,728 research outputs found
Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics of Field Early-Type Galaxies at z=1: Evolution of the Rotation Rate
We use the spatial information of our previously published VLT/FORS2
absorption line spectroscopy to measure mean stellar velocity and velocity
dispersion profiles of 25 field early-type galaxies at a median redshift z=0.97
(full range 0.6<z<1.2). This provides the first detailed study of early-type
galaxy rotation at these redshifts. From surface brightness profiles from HST
imaging we calculate two-integral oblate axisymmetric Jeans equation models for
the observed kinematics. Fits to the data yield for each galaxy the degree of
rotational support and the mass-to-light ratio M/L_Jeans. S0 and Sa galaxies
are generally rotationally supported, whereas elliptical galaxies rotate less
rapidly or not at all. Down to M(B)=-19.5 (corrected for luminosity evolution),
we find no evidence for evolution in the fraction of rotating early-type (E+S0)
galaxies between z=1 (63+/-11%) and the present (61+/-5%). We interpret this as
evidence for little or no change in the field S0 fraction with redshift. We
compare M/L_Jeans with M/L_vir inferred from the virial theorem and globally
averaged quantities and assuming homologous evolution. There is good agreement
for non-rotating (mostly E) galaxies. However, for rotationally supported
galaxies (mostly S0) M/L_Jeans is on average ~40% higher than M/L_vir. We
discuss possible explanations and the implications for the evolution of M/L
between z=1 and the present and its dependence on mass.Comment: To appear in ApJ 683 (9 pages, 7 figures). Minor changes included to
match published versio
Cooling lines as probes of the formation and buildup of galaxies and black holes
We discuss the use of SPICA to study the cosmic history of star formation and
accretion by supermassive black holes. The cooling lines, in particular the
high-J rotational lines of CO, provide a clear-cut and unique diagnostic for
separating the contributions of star formation and AGN accretion to the total
infrared luminosity of active, gas-rich galaxies. We briefly review existing
efforts for studying high-J CO emission from galaxies at low and high redshift.
We finally comment on the detectability of cooling radiation from primordial
(very low metallicity) galaxies containing an accreting supermassive black hole
with SPICA/SAFARI.Comment: to appear in the proceedings of "The Space Infrared Telescope for
Cosmology & Astrophysics: Revealing the Origins of Planets and Galaxies",
Oxford, July 2-8, 200
An N-body/SPH Study of Isolated Galaxy Mass Density Profiles
We investigate the evolution of mass density profiles in secular disk galaxy
models, paying special attention to the development of a two-component profile
from a single initial exponential disk free of cosmological evolution (i.e., no
accretion or interactions). As the source of density profile variations, we
examine the parameter space of the spin parameter, halo concentration, virial
mass, disk mass and bulge mass, for a total of 162 simulations in the context
of a plausible model of star formation and feedback (GADGET-2). The evolution
of the galaxy mass density profile, including the development of a
two-component profile with an inner and outer segment, is controlled by the
ratio of the disk mass fraction, , to the halo spin parameter,
. The location of the break between the two components and speed at
which it develops is directly proportional to ; the amplitude of
the transition between the inner and outer regions is however controlled by the
ratio of halo concentration to virial velocity. The location of the divide
between the inner and outer profile does not change with time. (Abridged)Comment: 27 pages, 31 figures. Accepted for publication at MNRAS. A
high-resolution version of the paper with figures can be found here
http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/~foyle/papers/MN-07-1491-MJ.R1.pd
Cosmic Evolution of Stellar Disk Truncations: From z~1 to the Local Universe
We have conducted the largest systematic search so far for stellar disk
truncations in disk-like galaxies at intermediate redshift (z<1.1), using the
Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South (GOODS-S) data from the Hubble
Space Telescope - ACS. Focusing on Type II galaxies (i.e. downbending profiles)
we explore whether the position of the break in the rest-frame B-band radial
surface brightness profile (a direct estimator of the extent of the disk where
most of the massive star formation is taking place), evolves with time. The
number of galaxies under analysis (238 of a total of 505) is an order of
magnitude larger than in previous studies. For the first time, we probe the
evolution of the break radius for a given stellar mass (a parameter well suited
to address evolutionary studies). Our results suggest that, for a given stellar
mass, the radial position of the break has increased with cosmic time by a
factor 1.3+/-0.1 between z~1 and z~0. This is in agreement with a moderate
inside-out growth of the disk galaxies in the last ~8 Gyr. In the same period
of time, the surface brightness level in the rest-frame B-band at which the
break takes place has increased by 3.3+/-0.2 mag/arcsec^2 (a decrease in
brightness by a factor of 20.9+/-4.2). We have explored the distribution of the
scale lengths of the disks in the region inside the break, and how this
parameter relates to the break radius. We also present results of the
statistical analysis of profiles of artificial galaxies, to assess the
reliability of our results.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ. Figures 1, 3
and 6 have somehow downgraded resolution to match uploading requirement
The stars and gas in outer parts of galaxy disks: Extended or truncated -- flat or warped?
I review observations of truncations of stellar disks and models for their
origin, compare observations of truncations in moderately inclined galaxies to
those in edge-on systems and discuss the relation between truncations and
HI-warps and their systematics and origin. Truncations are a common feature in
edge-on stellar disks, but the relation of truncations in face-on to those in
edge-on galaxies needs further clarification. The origin of truncations is most
likely related to a maximum in the specific angular momentum in the material
that formed the stellar disks, but this model does probably require some
redistribution of angular momentum. HI-warps start just beyond the truncation
radius and disks and warps appear distinct components. This suggests that inner
disks form initially and settle as rigid, very flat structures, while HI-warps
result from later infall of gas with a different orientation of the angular
momentum.Comment: Invited Review at the Vatican Symposium: Formation and Evolution of
Galaxy Disks, October 2007, proceeding editors Jose G. Funes, SJ and Enrico
M. Corsin
First measurement of interference fragmentation on a transversely polarized hydrogen target
The HERMES experiment has measured for the first time single target-spin
asymmetries in semi-inclusive two-pion production using a transversely
polarized hydrogen target. These asymmetries are related to the product of two
unknowns, the transversity distribution function and the interference
fragmentation function. In the invariant mass range 0.51 GeV < M_inv < 0.97 GeV
the measured asymmetry deviates significantly from zero, indicating that
two-pion semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering can be used to probe
transversity.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the
International Workshop on Transverse Polarisation Phenomena in Hard Processes
(Transversity 2005), Como, Italy, Sep 7 - 10, 200
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