Study of the influence of the scandium doping to the properties of high voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode

One of the problems which were always associated with accumulators in general is their low voltage. For powering a more demanding application, there is always the need to stack more cells together to obtain a higher voltage. Conventional Li-ion accumulators are charged to 4.2 V maximum and their nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7 V. There have been attempts to produce an accumulator with higher voltage lately. Its charging voltage should be around 5 V and voltage during discharging over 4.5 V. From the group of high voltage cathode materials, the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel is the most promising material. Solid state reaction method was chosen as the method of synthesis of this material and as the method of stabilizing the structure by doping by other element - in this case by scandium. Doped sample was studied in terms of obtained capacity, cycle life and stability in a high C-rate.Fil: Kazda, T.. Brno University of Technology; República ChecaFil: Vondrák, J.. Brno University of Technology; República ChecaFil: Sedlaríková, M.. Brno University of Technology; República ChecaFil: Visintin, Arnaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Tichý, J.. Brno University of Technology; República ChecaFil: Humana, Rita Mariangeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Cudek, P.. Brno University of Technology; República Chec

Managing tacit and explicit knowledge transfer in IJVs: the role of relational embeddedness and the impact on performance

Drawing on organizational learning and economic sociology, we address how relational embeddedness between the foreign parent and international joint venture (IJV) managers influences the type of knowledge (i.e., tacit and explicit) transferred to the IJV, and how the importance of relational embeddedness varies between young and mature IJVs. We also examine the influence of tacit and explicit knowledge on IJV performance. Our results show the importance that tie strength, trust, and shared values and systems play in the transfer of tacit knowledge, especially for mature IJVs. Our findings are consistent with Uzzi's tenets: tacit learning is accumulative, assists in explaining explicit knowledge, and is enhanced by social embeddedness. We also find that the influence of transferred tacit knowledge on IJV performance stems principally from its indirect effect on the learning of explicit knowledge. Journal of International Business Studies (2004) 35, 428–442. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400098