Electron heating mechanisms in dual frequency capacitive discharges

We discuss electron heating mechanisms in the sheath regions of dual-frequency capacitive discharges, with the twin aims of identifying the dominant mechanisms and supplying closed-form expressions from which the heating power can be estimated. We show that the heating effect produced by either Ohmic or collisionless heating is much larger when the discharge is excited by a superposition of currents at two frequencies than if either current had acted alone. This coupling effect occurs because the lower frequency current, while not directly heating the electrons to any great extent, strongly affects the spatial structure of the discharge in the sheath regions

Proton lifetime bounds from chirally symmetric lattice QCD

We present results for the matrix elements relevant for proton decay in Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). The calculation is performed at a fixed lattice spacing a^{-1}=1.73(3) GeV using 2+1 flavors of domain wall fermions on lattices of size 16^3\times32 and 24^3\times64 with a fifth dimension of length 16. We use the indirect method which relies on an effective field theory description of proton decay, where we need to estimate the low energy constants, \alpha = -0.0112(25) GeV^3 and \beta = 0.0120(26) GeV^3. We relate these low energy constants to the proton decay matrix elements using leading order chiral perturbation theory. These can then be combined with experimental bounds on the proton lifetime to bound parameters of individual GUTs.Comment: 17 pages, 9 Figure

Validation of empirical measures of welfare change: comment

In an excellent article from a recent issue of this journal, Sellar, Stoll and Chavas (1985) make a technical error which causes them to misstate their closed-ended estimates of willingness to pay. Truncation of the estimated cummulative distribution function must we made explicit in compution of willingness to pay.nonmarket valuation; contingent valuation; stated preferences; welfare evaluation; willingness to pay

Opening the Rome-Southampton window for operator mixing matrices

We show that the running of operators which mix under renormalization can be computed fully non-perturbatively as a product of continuum step scaling matrices. These step scaling matrices are obtained by taking the "ratio" of Z matrices computed at different energies in an RI-MOM type scheme for which twisted boundary conditions are an essential ingredient. Our method allows us to relax the bounds of the Rome-Southampton window. We also explain why such a method is important in view of the light quark physics program of the RBC-UKQCD collaborations. To illustrate our method, using n_f=2+1 domain-wall fermions, we compute the non-perturbative running matrix of four-quark operators needed in K->pipi decay and neutral kaon mixing. Our results are then compared to perturbation theory.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. v2: PRD version, minor changes and few references adde

Semi-leptonic decays heavy-light to heavy light

We present results for the QCD matrix elements involved in semi-leptonic decays of B-mesons into pseudo scalar heavy light states. The application of NRQCD heavy quarks allows for quark masses around the physical b-quark. We investigate the dependence of the form factors on the external momenta and looked at the mass dependence at zero recoil. For the first time, results for radially excited decay products are presented.Comment: 3 pages LaTeX, 5 figures, Talk given at LATTICE99(Heavy Quarks), June 29th to July 3rd, 1999, Pisa, Ital