Repumping and spectroscopy of laser-cooled Sr atoms using the (5s5p)3P2 - (5s4d)3D2 transition

We describe repumping and spectroscopy of laser-cooled strontium (Sr) atoms using the (5s5p)3P2 - (5s4d)3D2 transition. Atom number in a magneto-optical trap is enhanced by driving this transition because Sr atoms that have decayed into the (5s5p)3P2 dark state are repumped back into the (5s2)1S0 ground state. Spectroscopy of 84Sr, 86Sr, 87Sr, and 88Sr improves the value of the (5s5p)3P2 - (5s4d)3D2 transition frequency for 88Sr and determines the isotope shifts for the transition.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Tendon injuries around the elbow

The authors describe a technique with a single anterior incision and fixation with an internal button, the Endobutton. The procedure is performed through a 5-cm transverse skin incision, and the tendon is sutured to the Endobutton with 2 number 5 Ethibond sutures. Surgical repair in the depths of the muscular forearm is not required, because the tendon is simply sutured external to the wound. The Endobutton delivers and locks the tendon into a hole in the radial tuberosity. The Endobutton technique was used in 12 patients who were allowed early active mobilization. All were satisfied, returned to activities, and regained grade 5 strength. Average flexion was from 5° to 146° with 81° supination and 80° pronation. No neurovascular complications or synostosis occurred. In cadaveric studies the average distance from the biceps tendon were ulnar artery 6 mm, median nerve 12 mm, and posterior interosseous nerve 18 mm. The average distance from the posterior interosseous nerve to a Steinman pin advanced through the proximal radius was 14 mm. This technique is a safe and effective method of repair of distal biceps tendon avulsion that allows active mobilization with minimal risk of complication (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2000;9:120-6).</p