Demand for Electricity Connection in Rural Areas : The Case of Kenya

A modern form of energy, in particular electricity for household use, is an important vehicle in alleviating poverty in developing countries. However, access and costs of connecting to this service for most poor in these countries is inconceivable. Policies promoting electricity connection in rural areas are known to be beneficial in improving the socio-economic and health well-being for households. This paper examines willingness to pay (WTP) for rural electrification connection in Kisumu district, Kenya, using the contingent valuation method (CVM). A nonparametric and a parametric model are employed to estimate WTP values for two electricity products: grid electricity (GE) and photovoltaic (PV) electricity. The results indicate that respondents are willing to pay more for GE services than PV and households favoured monthly connection payments over a lump sum amount. Some of the policies suggested in this paper include: subsidizing the connection costs for both sources of electricity, adjusting the payment periods, and restructuring the market ownership of providing rural electricity services.double bounded; contingent valuation; electricity connection; rural; willingness to pay (wtp)

Geometry induced entanglement transitions in nanostructures

We model quantum dot nanostructures using a one-dimensional system of two interacting electrons. We show that strong and rapid variations may be induced in the spatial entanglement by varying the nanostructure geometry. We investigate the position-space information entropy as an indicator of the entanglement in this system. We also consider the expectation value of the Coulomb interaction and the ratio of this expectation to the expectation of the confining potential and their link to the entanglement. We look at the first derivative of the entanglement and the position-space information entropy to infer information about a possible quantum phase transition.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Journal of Applied Physic

Effect of confinement potential geometry on entanglement in quantum dot-based nanostructures

We calculate the spatial entanglement between two electrons trapped in a nanostructure for a broad class of confinement potentials, including single and double quantum dots, and core-shell quantum dot structures. By using a parametrized confinement potential, we are able to switch from one structure to the others with continuity and to analyze how the entanglement is influenced by the changes in the confinement geometry. We calculate the many-body wave function by `exact' diagonalization of the time independent Schr\"odinger equation. We discuss the relationship between the entanglement and specific cuts of the wave function, and show that the wave function at a single highly symmetric point could be a good indicator for the entanglement content of the system. We analyze the counterintuitive relationship between spatial entanglement and Coulomb interaction, which connects maxima (minima) of the first to minima (maxima) of the latter. We introduce a potential quantum phase transition which relates quantum states characterized by different spatial topology. Finally we show that by varying shape, range and strength of the confinement potential, it is possible to induce strong and rapid variations of the entanglement between the two electrons. This property may be used to tailor nanostructures according to the level of entanglement required by a specific application.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures and 1 tabl

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Autoplay Media Studio 8 pada Pokok Bahasan Struktur Atom

Research development of chemical-based learning media Autoplay Media Studio 8 is intended to produce a decent learning media on the subject of the atomic structure is developed based on the feasibility aspect of the display media, programming, content, presentation material content and language in Chemical Education Program. Beside that, it also to know the response of chemistry teachers and learners to media-based learning Autoplay Media Studio 8 has been developed on the subject of atomic structure. This media development research using ADDIE model of which has 5 stages of development, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Results of research-based instructional media development AutoPlay Media Studio 8 on the subject of atomic structures that have been validated by a validator to be feasible with an average percentage of 96.38%. Response chemistry teachers and learners expressed either by the average percentage of 98.2% for chemistry teachers and 91.89% for the learners. This indicates that the learning generated media fit for use as a medium of learning

Production, Competition Indices, and Nutritive Values of Setaria Splendida, Centrosema Pubescens, and Clitoria Ternatea in Mixed Cropping Systems in Peatland

This research was conducted to evaluate production, different competition indices and nutritive value of Setaria splendida, Centrosema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea in monoculture and mix cropping system on peat soil land. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The five treatments were: S. splendida sole cropping (SS), C. pubescens sole cropping (CP), C. ternatea sole cropping (CT), S. splendida and C. pubescens mix cropping (SS/CP) and S. splendida/C. ternatea mix cropping (SS/CT). The DM yield of S. splendida in mixed cropping with C. pubescens increased 43.4% and in mix cropping with C. ternatea increased 15.7% compared to sole S. splendida. The value of land equivalent ratio of SS/CP (LERSS/CP) was >1. The LERSS/CT value was <1. The crowding coefficient value of S. splendida (KSS) was higher than KCP and KCT. The total value of KSS/CP and KSS/CT were >1. The competition ratio (CR) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were >1. The agressivity (A) values of S. splendida in both mix cropping were positive. The crude protein, NDF and ADF content of forage were not affected by mix cropping system. In conclusion, mix cropping in peatland do not affect productivity and nutritive value of S. splendida, C. pubescens, and C. ternatea. S. splendida is more effective in exploiting environmental resources when intercropped with C. pubescens compared to C. ternatea on peatland

Penerapan Strategi Belajar Aktif Learning Start With A Question (Lsq) untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa pada Pokok Bahasan Hidrokarbon di Kelas X SMA Negeri 10 Pekanbaru

Research on the application of active learning strategy type Learning Start With A Question (LSQ)) has been done to improve student's achievement on the subject of hydrocarbon in class X of SMAN 10 Pekanbaru. Form of the research is experiment research with pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of two classes, X.5 class as experiment class and X.7 class as control class that randomly selected after testing normality and homogeneity. Experiment class was given by implementing active learning strategy type LSQ and the control class was given by conventional method. Analysis of data used t-test. Data of research obtained tcount > ttable (5,78 > 1,67). It means that using active learning strategy type LSQ can improve student's achievement on the subject of hydrocarbon in class X of SMAN 10 Pekanbaru. The category improvement of student's achievement in experiment class was high category (N-Gain =0,71) and in control class was medium category (N-Gain =0,51)