Synthesis and enantiomeric recognition studies of a novel 5,5-dioxophenothiazine-1,9 bis(thiourea) containing glucopyranosyl groups

A novel optically active 5,5-dioxophenothiazine-1,9 bis(thiourea) containing glucopyranosyl groups was synthesized and its enantiomeric recognition properties were examined towards the enantiomers of tetrabutylammonium salts of chiral α-hydroxy and N-protected α-amino acids using UV–vis spectroscopy

Autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunction in primary biliary cirrhosis

AIM: Cardiovascular autonomic and peripheral sensory neuropathy is a known complication of chronic alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. We aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors for peripheral sensory nerve and autonomic dysfunction using sensitive methods in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS: Twenty-four AMA M2 positive female patients with clinical, biochemical and histological evidence of PBC and 20 age matched healthy female subjects were studied. Five standard cardiovascular reflex tests and 24-h heart rate variability (HRV) analysis were performed to define autonomic function. Peripheral sensory nerve function on median and peroneal nerves was characterized by current perception threshold (CPT), measured by a neuroselective diagnostic stimulator (Neurotron, Baltimore, MD). RESULTS: Fourteen of 24 patients (58%) had at least one abnormal cardiovascular reflex test and thirteen (54%) had peripheral sensory neuropathy. Lower heart rate response to deep breathing (P = 0.001), standing (P = 0.03) and Valsalva manoeuvre (P = 0.01), and more profound decrease of blood pressure after standing (P = 0.03) was found in PBC patients than in controls. As a novel finding we proved that both time domain and frequency domain parameters of 24-h HRV were significantly reduced in PBC patients compared to controls. Each patient had at least one abnormal parameter of HRV. Lower CPT values indicated hyperaesthesia as a characteristic feature at peroneal nerve testing at three frequencies (2000 Hz: P = 0.005; 250 Hz: P = 0.002; 5 Hz: P = 0.004) in PBC compared to controls. Correlation of autonomic dysfunction with the severity and duration of the disease was observed. Lower total power of HRV correlated with lower CPT values at median nerve testing at 250 Hz (P = 0.0001) and at 5 Hz (P = 0.002), as well as with those at peroneal nerve testing at 2000 Hz (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Autonomic and sensory nerve dysfunctions are frequent in PBC. Twenty-four-hour HRV analysis is more sensitive than standard cardiovascular tests for detecting of both parasympathetic and sympathetic impairments. Our novel data suggest that hyperaesthesia is a characteristic feature of peripheral sensory neuropathy and might contribute to itching in PBC. Autonomic dysfunction is related to the duration and severity of PBC

Recent Advances Of Mucosal Capnometry And The Perspectives Of Gastrointestinal Monitoring In The Critically Ill. A Pilot Study

Mucosal capnometry involves the monitoring of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in mucous membranes. Different techniques have been developed and applied for this purpose, including sublingual or buccal sensors, or special gastrointestinal tonometric devices. The primary use of these procedures is to detect compensated shock in critically ill patients or patients undergoing major surgery. Compensatory mechanisms, in the early phases of shock, lead to the redistribution of blood flow towards the vital organs, within ostensibly typical macro-haemodynamic parameters. Unfortunately, this may result in microcirculatory disturbances, which can play a pivotal role in the development of organ failure. In such circumstances mucosal capnometry monitoring, at different gastrointestinal sites, can provide a sensitive method for the early diagnosis of shock. The special PCO2 monitoring methods assess the severity of ischaemia and help to define the necessary therapeutic interventions and testing of these monitors have justified their prognostic value. Gastrointestinal mucosal capnometry monitoring also helps in determining the severity of ischaemia and is a useful adjunctive in the diagnosis of occlusive splanchnic arterial diseases. The supplementary functional information increases the diagnostic accuracy of radiological techniques, assists in creating individualized treatment plans, and helps in follow-up the results of interventions. The results of a pilot study focusing on the interrelation of splanchnic perfusion and gastrointestinal function are given and discussed concerning recent advances in mucosal capnometry

A vásárlási élmények fenomenológiai vizsgálata felnőttek és serdülők körében – a Glamour napok esete

A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, hogy milyen fogyasztói motívumok és élmények kötik az egyéneket egy speciális vásárlási eseményhez, a Glamour Napokhoz. A szakirodalomban fellelhető főbb fogalmakra építve, úgymint a hedonisztikus/utilitáriánus értékek, önjutalmazás, impulzusvásárlás, a cikk bemutat egy kvalitatív kutatást felnőtt és serdülő női fogyasztók körében. A fenomenológiai módszertanra alapozva vizsgálják a szerzők, hogy milyen módon változtatta meg az alapvetően utilitáriánus és feladatorientált fogyasztói társadalmat Magyarországon a Glamour Napok. A tanulmány eredményei szerint a hedonisztikus és utilitáriánus értékek együttesen határozzák meg a vásárlási élményt, bár a két vizsgált korcsoportban eltérő módon jelennek meg e tendenciák. A fiatal felnőtt és serdülő vásárlók, a szülőktől való anyagi függés következtében, inkább az utilitáriánus és társas aspektusaira összpontosítanak az inkább felnőtteket célzó, és emiatt a korosztályukban különlegesnek számító eseménynek. A felnőtt fogyasztók esetében a Glamour Napok mint megérdemelt/kiérdemelt program jelenik meg, mely lehetőséget biztosít a mindennapokból való kitörésre és a bűntudat, valamint megbánás nélküli vásárlási élményre. A kutatás alapján levont főbb elméleti és gyakorlati következtetéseket, valamint a jövőbeli kutatási lehetőségeket egyaránt bemutatják a szerzők

Engineering geologic evaluation of overcompacted claystone, new metro line, Budapest

Abstract The Oligocene clay units in the Budapest area along the new metro (subway) line show different properties than most others. They are denser and of greater strength than most of the unconsolidated ones. This paper provides an overview of their engineering geologic properties using nearly 4700 physical parameter data. These data were obtained from cores representing sampling intervals of the Kiscell Clay, on the Buda side of the Danube River. Seventeen engineering geologic parameters were used in the description of the clay. The parameter analyses show that the clay behaves as a soft rock rather than a soil

El retroceso del futuro de subjuntivo en España y en Hispanoamérica

Como sobre la trayectoria cronológica del futuro de subjuntivo aún no se ha dicho la última palabra, consideramos oportuno dedicar un espacio aparte al proceso de retroceso que sufren a lo largo de todo el desarrollo histórico las formas en –re. El objetivo es, entonces, como se delineará en el presente estudio, examinar los entornos en los cuales la forma verbal amare aún debe o puede ocurrir en los momentos de declive que al mismo tiempo deben ser matizados al producirse a un ritmo diferente en el español peninsular, donde se producirá notoriamente ya a partir de los siglos XVI-XVII, y en el de Hispanoamérica, en el que ciertas variedades, sin embargo, debido a las diferentes etapas de la colonización española, guardarán la vitalidad de este tiempo verbal hasta mediados del siglo XIX. Palabras clave: futuro de subjuntivo, retroceso, español peninsular, Hispanoamérica, trayectoria cronológica Abstract: As the last word has not yet been told about the chronological evolution of the future subjunctive, we consider it appropriate to dedicate a separate section to the process of regression that the forms in –re suffer throughout its historical development. The objective is – as it will be drafted in the present study– to examine the syntactic contexts in which the verbal form amare still must or may occur in the moments of decline that at the same time must be nuanced insomuch as it occurs at a different pace with regard to Peninsular and Latin American Spanish. In Peninsular Spanish it was notoriously produced already from the 16-17th centuries, nevertheless, certain varieties of Latin American Spanish, due to the different stages of the Spanish colonization, kept the vitality of this verbal tense until the middle of the 19th century

How to Transfer a Coupon-Based Event into a Hedonic Shopping Experience? Retail Branding Implications Based on the Glamour Shopping Days

The paper examines the motivational drivers behind the participation of Hungarian consumers on a special shopping event, also known as Glamour Days. The study encompasses a variety of related conceptualizations such as hedonic/utilitarian shopping values, self-gifting as well as impulsive buying practices. After the introduction of relevant consumer behaviour concepts and theoretical frameworks, the paper presents a qualitative research on adult and adolescent female consumers’ shopping experiences during Glamour Days. By building on phenomenological methodology, this study also portrays the ways this shopping event has changed consumer society within an originally strongly utilitarian attitude driven Hungarian culture. The phenomenological interview results highlight differences within the motivational drivers of pleasure-oriented shopping for the two age groups. For teenagers, the main motivation was related to the utilitarian aspect due to their financial dependence and the special opportunity to stand out of their peer group by joining an event that is exclusively held for adult women. On the other hand, adult women are motivated by combined hedonic and utilitarian values manifested in self gifting and impulse buying within an effectively planned and managed shopping trip. Based on the results, retail specific strategies are provided along with future research directions

Synthesis and Complexation Studies of Optically Active Aza- and Diazacrown Ethers Containing a Pyrene Fluorophore Unit

Novel enantiopure azacrown [(R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1] and diazacrown [(R,R)-2–(R,R)-4 and (S,S)-2–(S,S)-4] ethers containing a pyrene fluorophore unit and two phenyl groups at their chiral centers were obtained in multistep syntheses. The action of these chemosensors is based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, thus they show fluorescence enhancement in the presence of protonated primary amines and amino acid esters. Their recognition abilities toward the enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine hydrogen perchlorate (PEA), 1-(1-naphthyl) ethylamine hydrogen perchlorate (NEA), phenylglycine methyl ester hydrogen perchlorate (PGME), and phenylalanine methyl ester hydrogen perchlorate (PAME) were examined in acetonitrile using fluorescence spectroscopy