A Finance Model for the Built Cultural Heritage - Proposals for improvements of future Heritage Economics

Abstract The new role of built cultural heritage, as an economic asset for development strategies and the widened definition of built heritage as a concept-, explains today’s affluence of sites. These can only be guaranteed with sufficient heritage funding. Financers’ inducement to fund cultural heritage depends on that heritage’s current value estimation and only highly revered sites qualify for support. Case studies imply that values are incessantly present in heritage and so these can be re-established when the right external conditions, or actions, arise. The assessment i.e. reflects the human perception of values projected onto buildings and not the physical characteristics of the heritage itself. This is way it is possible to modify finance incentive conditions. Finance models are needed but prototypes of such finance models are lacking. This inquiry aspires to supplement the findings of Cultural Economics, but from the viewpoint of actual building conservation practice. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the prospects of securing the successful future of built heritage by proposing a value stabilizing finance model, based on; the acquiring, the economizing and the assuring of heritage funding. The strategy of this inquiry involves five steps. Accelerators proved to determine all aspects of the heritage finance model, since these accelerators stabilize the values of built heritage sites by revealing the payback capacity of financial commitments to that heritage. Heritage funding in Sweden has stagnated due to weak emotional and financial accelerators, which means built heritage is at risk of falling into decay. The suggested contribution of this inquiry is the exploratory analysis of the mechanisms behind heritage funding including its accelerators, hence introducing new terminology into building conservation instigated by the idiom of economics, which could ease future strategic planning of heritage funding

Virtual Tourism Staycation Revive (VTSr) to convey the Intangible through Augmented Reality

The increase in extreme weather confirms that in order to slow down climate change, unnecessary travel must be reduced. Consequently, tourism industry has an obligation to start launching more environmentally friendly travel concepts and replace destructive charter tourism until sufficient emission-free vehicles that run on electricity become norm. Developing Staycation into innovative and attractive destinations that are in demand will yield sustainable results as all fossil-free available domestic travel will reduce the carbon footprint of tourism. A successful Staycation can be to revive and highlight forgotten cultural heritage that represents unexpected intangible treasures that will therefore be exciting to explore. Virtual Tourism (VT) with digital media such as Augmented or Virtual Reality (AR / VR) can effectively communicate storytelling, but temporary hidden time layers and IndianaJones Effects, which are so important in creating thriving tourism. Virtual tourism (VT) can reduce CO2 emissions thanks to its ability as a Staycation Revive (SR) and convey the lost epochs of the intangible cultural heritage as a clearly perceived reality. The study focuses on two Swedish medieval castles, which are unclear and intangible because they were partially demolished in the 18th century. Still, in order for them to be revived historically correctly as a perceived reality, a variety of digital techniques were tested. To assess future tourists’ experiences of the sites, both in their natural state and with digital interventions, qualitative interviews were held with professionals and laymen on two different occasions. For a Virtual Tourism Staycation revive (VTSr) to be a cost-effective concept, it was crucial to digitally convert and reuse existing and archived artifacts from the castle sites. Findings show that not only Augmented or Virtual Reality set up effects can transmit enticing historical experiences of intangible cultural heritage, also less advanced digital solutions is enough for Staycation to become desirable tourism

Virtual Tourism relocation (VTr) - to experience the lost, to see for the future

Prosperous cities have constantly changed and their ability to adapt to contemporary commercial demands has always been rewarded, but this may no longer be the case. Delhi residents are now paying a high price for this endeavor with schools closed due to toxic air caused by high levels of carbon dioxide. Although previous urban transformations by drastic demolition had an insignificant climate impact, they instead erased irreplaceable historical layers. In fact, unfavorable and timetypical urban changes can become a significant asset for tourism through Virtual Tourism relocation (VTr). This concept will drastically reduce overtourism which today prevents the tourism industry from being viable and green. VTr encourages Staycation, which thereby reduces CO2 emissions, but not least offers new income opportunities. Virtual Tourism relocation (VTr) aims to guide people through the past and even to experience completely lost contexts, which existed before Haussmann's street breakthrough in Paris or the purge of homes that symbolized "poor Sweden" after World War II. Common to these drastic demolitions was that valuable city structure disappeared forever. All measures to increase the public's respect for what we have, when there is still time, are crucial for a sustainable future. Opponents of 19th-century Industrialization therefore undertook to move endangered buildings to museums due to the subsequent urban renewal. Today, these houses are irreplaceable resources, but less appreciated because they appear to be two-dimensional as they have been deprived of their original context. This study investigates the ability of different digital methods to convey the experience of a time travel, i.e. how to relocate individuals and buildings. Through qualitative interviews, staff reflect on which Virtual Reality environments and IndianaJones Effects make museum buildings three-dimensional. Positive results from this inductive study indicate that if Virtual Tourism relocation (VTr) is applicable to museums, it can be useful in urban planning

Models for an objective evaluation of Restorations

Beskrivning av teoretisk grund för utveckling av analysmodell utav pågående restaureringsprojek

A comparative study of the financial support in twelve restoration projects from Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Finland and Sweden

Kulturarvsfinansiering internationellt. Komparativ studie

Could Virtual Tourism of Augmented Reality (AR) reduce Greenhouse Gases?

This paper investigates how stakeholders respond to digital feasibility study images to augmented reality (AR), with the purpose to determine if AR could be the right practical application to create Virtual tourism. Based on the visitors’ perspective via qualitative interviews, the goal is to explore whether a digitalization in a realistic way, manages to mediate the concealed time layers and other intangible aspects of historic buildings, which is vital if ever to compete with a real visit. The concept of Virtual tourism (VT) intends to mitigate Overtourism and avoidable travelling, thus reduce today’s CO2 emissions of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, VT could signify the necessary paradigm shift for the tourism industry since its promoted work pipeline, the City Scan Procedure (CSP), intends to give local authorities better control of their tourist destinations’ unrestricted development. CSP thereby could increase the locals’ share of profits as today the upkeep of historical sites depends on tourism. The pilot study at Fredriksdal Open Air Museum is the first in a series of upcoming cross-border studies to map the essence and potentials of Virtual Tourism (VT). This time, the museum’s relocated buildings Stadskvartret were transformed digitally as illustrations and videos through Pharo scaning into Point cloud and Photo Scan processing via Mega shape to GIS, to assess the digital media’s storytelling capacity, their IndianaJones Effect (IJE). Using a qualitative and exploratory approach this study conducted fourteen interviews with a diversified group of respondents of different ages. Interviews were evaluated using thematic and a quantitative analysis. The outcome indicates that the acceptance of Augmented Reality, or scanned reproductions in general, vary more depending on age group than media form. This study pin points that for Virtual tourism (VT) ever to affect CO2 emissions, augmented reality productions need to be more diversified to escape the computer game stamp

Kulturmiljön Östermalms Park. Historik, bebyggelse och kulturmiljövärdering

Historik, bebyggelse och kulturmiljövärderin

Can Salvator Mundi and Zlatan make Built Cultural Heritage resilient?

Can Salvator Mundi and Zlatan make Built Cultural Heritage resilient? The new role of built cultural heritage (BCH), as an economic asset for development strategies and the widened definition as a concept-, explains today’s affluence of sites. These can only be guaranteed with sufficient heritage funding. Financers’ inducement to fund depends on that heritage’s current value estimation and only highly revered sites qualify for support. Case studies imply that values are incessantly present in BCH and so these can be re-established when the right external conditions, or actions, arise. The assessment i.e. reflects the human perception of values projected onto buildings and not the physical characteristics of the heritage itself. This is why it is possible to modify finance incentive conditions. The Heritage Finance Model, HFM (Pålsson Skarin 2011) could establish that the accelerators determine all aspects, since these accelerators stabilize the values of BCH by revealing the payback capacity of financial commitments to that heritage. The HFM revealed all mechanisms behind cultural heritage financing in theory, but to make the model operational, it is still necessary to create a unit for value that can predict its fluctuations. Value changes are a well-known phenomenon in many industries from real estate, sports and the auction world. The increase in value of Leonardo’s painting Salvator Mundi, which in sixty years rose from 60 dollars to 450 million dollars, is perhaps the most spectacular example from our time. The question is whether it is possible to create reliable common denominators by systematically mapping value changes in widely different contexts. The aim of this study is to investigate the prospects of securing the successful future of built heritage by proposing a unit for value to make the previously designed HFM possible to compute. This model include the acquiring, the economizing and the assuring of cultural heritage funding. The strategy of this inquiry involves studying how the perception of value fluctuated in different situations involving art, sport and built cultural heritage. The study’s contribution is the exploratory analysis of the mechanisms behind value growth which regulate heritage funding including its accelerators, hence introducing new terminology into building conservation instigated by the idiom of economics, which could ease future strategic planning of heritage funding. This study is urgent due to cultural heritage funding in Sweden has fallen dramatically due to weak emotional and financial accelerators, which means the Swedish heritage is at risk of decay

IKEA Kungens kurva. Värdering varuhus i Sverige

Historik, bebyggelse och kulturmiljövärdering enligt H3UNS mall. Utredningsuppdrag IKEA/UULAS arkitekter (intern publikation