SAA serum protein concentrations.

<p>Mean SAA protein concentration was measured in serum of control pigs and infected pigs from before inoculation (0 h) and prior to euthanization (14–18 h for AP, or 24 h for SA). Detection limit was 31.3 µg/mL. Unit is µg/mL.</p>*<p><i>N</i> = 3, except serum from only one of the three AP control pigs was analyzed, and only two of the three SA control pigs were sampled at time-point 24 h.</p

Gene expression changes in response to infection.

<p>Mean and range of gene expression fold change of SAA2, SAA3, and SAA4 within liver, lung, and spleen tissues of infected pigs (n = 3) compared with control pigs (n = 3; mean gene expression for each isoform set to 1 for each tissue) from the two separate infection experiments. SAA4 was below detection limit in lung and spleen tissue.</p>*<p>SAA2 was below detection limit in the spleen of one of the AP-infected pigs, and the mean thus represents only two pigs.</p

Relative gene expression levels of SAA2 and SAA3 in different tissues for each infection experiment.

<p>All samples (<i>n</i> = 3 in each group) are shown relative to control spleen tissue, which is set to a mean expression of 1. Please note that Y axis is log10 scale.</p

Multiple alignment of mammalian NDRG1 proteins.

<p>Alignment of NDRG1 protein sequences from five mammalian species: Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Canis lupus, Bos taurus and Mus musculus shows a sequence similarity of 94.7%. Residue 98 (gly, marked with a frame) which is substituted in Alaskan Malamutes with the G>T mutation, is conserved in the five species.</p

Muscle and peripheral nerve pathology in Alaskan Malamutes with polyneuropathy and a mutation in NDRG1.

<p>Representative cranial tibial muscle and peroneal nerve biopsy transverse sections from a two year old female Alaskan Malamute (a,b) and a three year old female Alaskan Malamute (c,d) with histopathological findings consistent with polyneuropathy. Large and small groups of atrophic fibers were present with variable severity and fatty infiltration (a,c. H&E stain). A moderate to marked depletion of myelinated fibers was evident in resin embedded nerve biopsy sections (b,d. Toluidine blue stain). Nerve fiber loss resulted from chronic axonal degeneration (arrows in b,d).</p