APPLICATION OF MULTIFACTORIAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PRODIGIOSIN PRODUCTION USING SERRATIA MARCESCENS MBB01, MBB02 AND MBB05

Objective: The present study was aimed at investigating the prodigiosin production under optimized conditions with different parameters such astemperature, incubation time, substrate concentration, and inoculum size.Methods: Response surface methodology was found to be useful in optimizing and determining interactions among process variables in prodigiosinproduction by applying Box–Behnken and face-centered central composite design.Results: Prodigiosin producing Serratia marcescens (SM) MBB01, MBB02, and MBB05 were isolated from soil (Western Ghats Ecosystem). Thesignificant R value was 0.9666, 0.9459, and 0.9433, and the maximum experimental response for prodigiosin production was 497, 690, and560 mg/mL, whereas the predicted value was 495.3, 706.6, and 574.8 mg/mL for SM MBB01, SM MBB02, and SM MBB05, respectively.2Conclusion: Statistically optimized conditions by Box–Behnken design found to be very significant in improved pigment production by SM MBB01,MBB02, and MBB05. The correlation between the predicted and observed values indicates the adequacy of the model.Keywords: Prodigiosin, Serratia marcescens, RSM

NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN HYPERGLYCEMIA INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MALE WISTAR RATS

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is the chronic metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion or insulin action. The most commonly accepted cause of diabetes is the oxidative damage that is caused by free radicals generation. Free radicals have high ability to attract electrons from macromolecules such as carbohydrates, protein, lipid and DNA. Excessive Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause structural deterioration and instability of the macromolecules, consequently affecting proper cellular signaling pathways, gene regulation and function. The present study was conducted to investigate the nephroprotective effect of lycopene in alloxan induced type I diabetes. Methods: Male wistar rats were divided in to 5 groups 6 in each. Group1 as control, Group II. III,IV and V were diabetic groups. Group II diabetic control, Group III treated with protamine zinc insulin 0.9 u/100 gm s. c. Group IV and V treated with 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of lycopene. After 3 weeks blood samples were collected from all the groups of animals to measure Lipid peroxidation. Serum glucose, urea and creatinine. Results: The serum Glucose, urea and creatinine were significantly increased in untreated diabetic rats. In addition, there was significant rise in lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: In this study, oxidative damage with diabetes was ameliorated with administration of lycopene. The results of this study indicate that lycopene is an effective nutritional component to alleviate or prevent the complications

ASPERGILLUS TERREUS KMBF1501 A POTENTIAL PIGMENT PRODUCER UNDER SUBMERGED FERMENTATION

Objective: The present study was aimed to identify the fungal isolate from soil and to understand the different optimized parameters better to facilitate the pigment production that has high yield and stability.Methods: Aspergillus sp. was isolated from Western Ghats soil by the conventional serial dilution technique and assessed as a potential pigment producer. Different broth medium such as potato dextrose broth (PDB), czapek-dox broth (CDB), malt extract broth (MEB), rose bengal broth (RBB), sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast malt extract broth (YEMB), pH (3-9), temperature (24, 27, 30, 33, 37 and 40 °C), carbon (lactose,glucose,sucrose, maltose, galactose and fructose) and nitrogen source (peptone, yeast extract, urea and inorganic nitrogen sources like potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate), mineral salts such as sodium dihydrogen phosphate (Na2H2Po4), magnesium sulphate (Mg2So4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), copper sulphate (Cu2So4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2Po4) and manganese sulphate (Mn2So4) and inoculum age (2-7 d) of the medium related to high pigment production were analysed.Results: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing showing 99% similarity with other Aspergillus terreus and the Accession number (KX113516) was assigned. The optimum culture conditions for pigment production by Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 was achieved at pH 5 (0.563±0.012 nm), temperature of 27 °C (0.382±0.001 nm) with glucose (0.501±0.002 nm) as carbon source, peptone (2.147±0.004 nm) as nitrogen source, Mg2SO4 (0.401±0.001 nm)as mineral salt and 4 d (0.324±0.001 nm) of inoculum age in PDB (0.761±0.006 nm).Conclusion: Aspergillus terreus KMBF1501 produced maximum pigment when cultured in modified PDB than in common PDB medium. The high concentration of the pigment can be used for various industrial purposes

Role of hydrogen bonding in conformational energies of hexachlorophene and its derivatives - A theoretical study

643-648Conformational space around two dihedral angles (viz., θ and φ) in hexachlorophene (HCP), dimethylhexachlorophene (DMHCP) and diphenylhexachlorophene (DPHCP), has been scanned at the AM1 level and further the minima optimized at DFT(B3LYP)/ 6-31G(d) level. All possible hydrogen bonds that may exist in these molecules in different conformations, have been explored. NBO analyses have been carried out to establish the role of hydrogen bonds in resolving the energies of conformers