Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses of Turkish sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) varieties using ISSR markers and chloroplast trnL-F IGS region

Genetic diversity levels are critical for characterizing and utilizing germplasm collections and for making improvements related to elite germplasms. The current study investigated the genetic diversity level and phylogenetic relationships in ten Turkish sweet corn varieties (Zea mays var. saccharata) using 15 ISSR markers and trnL-F intergenic spacer regions, respectively. A total of 75 loci were identified, of which 57 (76%) were polymorphic. The highest polymorphism ratio (100%) was found using UBC811, UBC817, and UBC823 ISSR markers, while the lowest ratio (45.4%) was identified using UBC829. According to trnL-F intergenic spacer region analyses, nucleotide diversity was found as π: 0.030 for Nei and θ: 0.036 for Watterson, respectively. In trnL-F intergenic spacer regions, several polymorphic (variable) sites were identified 28 of which 57% (16/28) were parsimony informative sites and 399 sites were invariable (monomorphic). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that two major groups were observed named groups A and B and ten sweet corn genotypes clustered along with known maize genotypes in subgroup B2 with 98% bootstrap value. Consequently, the ISSR data obtained in this study revealed that Turkish sweet corn genotypes exhibit extensive genetic diversity, and the trnL-F intergenic spacer region was successfully utilized to differentiate between maize genotypes from various origins and whole plant taxa

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INAPPROPRIATE DRUG USE IN ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS USING THE BEERS 2019 AND TIME CRITERIA

Introduction: The potentially inappropriate medication list was established to reduce potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) and polypharmacy in elderly individuals. This study analyzed the drug use of geriatric patients in Turkey using the American 2019 Beers criteria and the Turkish Inappropriate Medication Use in the Elderly (TIME) criteria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive survey study was conducted using 385 randomized patients aged over 65 years who were treated at the Kutahya Health Sciences University's Evliya celebi Training and Research Hospital Internal Medicine outpatient clinic. The patients included in the study were evaluated for PIMs according to the TIME and Beers criteria. Results: While 73.2% of the 385 patients included in the study were in the 65-74 age range, 26.8% were aged >= 75 years; 67.8% were female and 32.2% were male. The prevalence of PIMs determined by the TIME based criteria was 33%, which was almost 3-fold than detected using the Beers criteria (Beers: 10.9%, TIME-to-STOP: 33%). The mean number of PIMs according to the TIME-to-STOP criteria was significantly higher than that according to the Beers criteria (p=0.01). The rate of cases with PIMs according to the TIME based criteria was significantly higher than that according to the Beers criteria (p<0.05). A significant association was found between polypharmacy and PIMs for both the TIME-based and Beers criteria (p<0.05). Conclusion: The TIME-based criteria were more successful in evaluating PIMs among the elderly in Turkey. In addition, PIMs was significantly higher in polypharmacy patients