Comparison of World Health Organization 2000/2004 and World Health Organization 2010 classifications for gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) were divided into 4 groups based on tumor diameter and stage in World Health Organization (WHO) 2000/2004 classification as well-differentiated endocrine tumor benign (WDETB), well-differentiated endocrine tumor with uncertain behavior (WDETUB), well-differentiated endocrine carcinoma (WDEC), and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma (PDEC). World Health Organization 2000/2004 was not widely accepted because of stage-related classification and the category of "uncertain behavior." The European NET Society proposed a grading classification and site-specific staging system in 2010. Gastroenteropancreatic NETs were divided into 3 groups as NET grade 1 (G1), NET grade 2 (G2), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) grade 3 (G3) based on mitoses and the Ki-67 index. We evaluated 63 GEPNET cases according to both classifications. We compared two classifications and the tumor groups in terms of prognostic parameters (diameter, mitosis, Ki-67 index, angioinvasion, perineural invasion, necrosis, and metastasis) and pathologic stage. All 14 cases diagnosed as PDEC were included in the NEC G3 according to WHO 2010. Seventeen cases were diagnosed as WDETB, 9 as WDETUB, and 23 as WDEC. There was statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of all prognostic parameters except for necrosis, mitosis, Ki-67 index, and grade. All WDETB cases, 89% of WDETUBs, and 87% of WDECs were included in the NET G1. There were 45 cases evaluated as NET G1 and 4 cases as NET G2 according to WHO 2010. Metastasis and perineural invasion were more common in NET G2, no significant differences in other parameters. In conclusion, WHO 2010 is easier to use, whereas WHO 2000/2004 shows higher correlation with prognosis. However, it includes benign and uncertain behavior categories, although small tumors with low proliferative activity can also cause metastases. All GEPNETs should be considered potentially malignant (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A case of ligneous conjunctivitis

Ligneous conjunctivitis is a rare form of idiopathic membranous conjunctivitis. It occurs with type 1 plasminogen deficiency and characterized by the development of firm, fibrin-rich, woody-like, recurrent pseudomembranous lesions mainly on the tarsal conjunctiva. It may occurs in oral cavity, tracheobronchial tree, upper gastrointestinal tract and other mucous membrans, too. Due to the plasminogen deficiency, destruction of trauma induced fibrin plaque is defected. Although autosomal ressessive inheritence is described, most of the cases are sporadic. Generally it develops during infancy and childhood, but can occurs at any age. Four year old male infant is introduced to Opthalmology department with pink to red membranous lesion on his left eye extending from conjunctiva to the iris. Histopathologic evaluation of excised material is compatible with ligneous conjunctivitis and diagnosis is confirmed with significant decreased level of plasminogen in the case. Although topical prednisolone and cyclosporin treatment lesion recurs. The patient is consulted to a haemotologist and systemic and topical fresh frozen plasma (FFP) are applied. The case is discussed in the manner of its histopathologic features and good response to FFP treatment in accompanion with literature. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47: 130-3