Preoperative Photographing and Morphing for Predictable Profiles in Rhinoplasty Precision Profileplasty

WOS: 000445132100013PubMed ID: 2971023

Connecticut (CCCRC) Olfactory Test: Normative Values in 426 Healthy Volunteers.

Application of Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test to healthy Turkish volunteers, obtain normative data set and analyse the role of age, sex and smoking on olfactory scores. The present study was conducted at Bezmialem Vakif University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Total of 426 healthy volunteers were subjected to CCCRC olfactory test which consists of n-butanol smell threshold test and smell identification test. Olfactory function score was assessed (0: worst score; 7: best score) and mean scores were calculated. Mean age was (36.7 ± 11.1; range, 17–68). 46.2 % of the subjects were male and 53.8 % were female; 37.1 % were smokers and 62.9 % were non-smokers. Mean n-butanol threshold score was 6.36 out of 7, mean identification score was 6.34 and mean total score was 6.35. According to CCCRC score: there were no anosmic individuals, 0.5 % were severely hyposmic, 2.6 % were moderately hyposmic,15.3 % were mildly hyposmic and 81.6 % were normosmic. CCCRC olfactory test is cost-effective, simple and practical. It can be easily applied in clinical settings. The CCCRC olfactory test is appropriate for assessment of olfactory function: Turkish population is familiar in terms of the odors used in CCCRC test. The power of this study is that it provides a normative data set against which many factors can be compared

Olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer

Objective: Radiotherapy is the primary method of treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and many side effects were reported in patients receiving radiation to this area. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term effects of radiotherapy following NPC on olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory function

Impact of Smoking on p65 Nuclear Factor kappa B, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Levels in Oral Mucosa

Objectives: Smoking plays an important role in oral cancer development; however, the molecular carcinogenesis mechanism in oral mucosa is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the levels of p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions between oral mucosa of nonsmoker and smoker volunteers. Methods: Oral cheek mucosa was collected from 78 volunteers. Smokers were divided into 2 subgroups: light smokers (= 40 pack years). Paraffinized tissue immunochemistry was carried out for p65 NF-kappa B, p38 MAPK, and iNOS expression with specific antibodies. Results were evaluated based on diffuseness and intensity of staining. Results: Group 1 composed of 40 nonsmokers: 52.5% were female and 47.5% were male, with a mean age of 46.4 years. Group 2 composed of 38 smokers (20 light smokers, 18 heavy smokers): 39.5% were female and 60.5% were male, with a mean age of 48.9 years. Total immunohistochemical staining scores of smokers were significantly higher compared with those of nonsmokers in p65 NF-kappa B, p38 MAPK, and iNOS expression (P < 0.001). The highest p65 NF-kappa B, p38 MAPK, and iNOS expression levels were detected in the oral mucosa of heavy smokers. The expression of iNOS and p65 NF-kappa B in heavy smokers was significantly higher compared to that in light smokers (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Although p38 MAPK expressions were higher in heavy smokers compared with light smokers, the difference was not statistically significant (P 9 0.05). Conclusions: Our results show for the first time the significant increase in the expression of p65 NF-kappa B and p38 MAPK in the oral mucosa of smokers. Levels of p65 NF-kappa B, p38 MAPK, and iNOS expression in the oral mucosa of smokers were related to the number of pack years.WOS:0003067102000472-s2.0-84864573745PubMed: 2277744