INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF CANDIDATE GENES ON CHROMOSOME 10 WITH THE RISK AND AGE-AT-ONSET OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease, is a major public health problem in the United States because it affects almost 50% of the people after age 85. Although AD has been described since 1907, no cure or universally accepted effective treatment has been devised. Studying factors that play a role in risk and pathogenesis of LOAD may lead to development of new therapies and give an insight to the etiology of disease. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of AD. Twin studies have shown heredity to be a major causal factor in the development of LOAD. Despite the evidence for substantial genetic effect in the etiology of LOAD, the APOE*4 allele in the APOE gene is the only established risk factor in the development of LOAD. However, as the APOE*4 allele is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of AD, this emphasizes the involvement of other genetic and/or environmental factors, which alone or in combination with APOE*4 can modify the risk of AD. Recently, linkage studies in multiplex families with LOAD have provided evidence for the existence of additional putative genes for AD on several chromosomes, including chromosome 10. A broad linkage peak encompassing >50 cM region between chromosome 10q21 and 10q25 has been implicated that influence both AD risk and age-at-onset (AAO). There are more than 300 genes in this broad genomic region of chromosome 10 and thus task for identifying the chromosome 10 gene is daunting. One approach is to focus on the known candidate genes in the region. There are number of promising candidate genes in this region that are involved in either in the production, processing or clearance of beta amyloid peptide and include choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), plasminogen activator, urinary (PLAU), insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX), glutathione S-transferase, omega-1 (GSTO1), glutathione S-transferase, omega-2 (GSTO2), and protease, serine, 11 (PRSS11). In this study, we have examined the role of these genes under the linkage peak on chromosome 10 to assess their role with AD risk and AAO. Association studies for 14 markers were performed in a large case-control cohort comprising 1012 white LOAD subjects and 771 white control subjects. No significant associations were observed with any of the polymorphism examined in the IDE, HHEX, GSTO1, GSTO2 and PRSS11 genes. Of the 3 CHAT SNPs examined, we detected both allelic and genotypic association of the intron 9 polymorphism with AD risk. The rare AA genotype appears to confer a modest risk for the development of AD in a recessive fashion (OR: 2.37; p=0.007). In addition, we observed APOE-dependent effect of the CHAT exon 5 polymorphism with AD risk (OR=0.76; p=0.046). Although these associations are modest, they suggest the presence of putative functional variants in the CHAT gene or nearby genes. In the PLAU gene, we examined 3 tagSNPs and found a modest protective effect with one SNP in the 3' UTR (OR=0.71; p=0.02), which was confined to APOE*4 carriers (OR=0.58; p=0.02). In our analysis of the association of the candidate genes with AAO, suggestive association were observed only with the PLAU 3' UTR (p=0.10) and intron 9 (p=0.04) polymorphisms.In summary, our data on a large number of AD cases and controls suggest that genetic variation in two positional candidate genes on chromosome 10 (PLAU and CHAT) may affect the risk and AAO of LOAD

Investigation of cesarean sections at Konya Training and Research Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between 2010 and 2015

Objective: Analysis of the annual distribution of cesarean sections and indications between 2010 and 2015 in our clinic. Material and methods: Medical records of 10,437 cesarean section patients from a total number of 24,283 deliveries performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 2010–2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The indications for Cesarean section were analyzed and compared based on years. Results: The lowest cesarean section rate was 18.67% in 2011 and the highest rate was 24.5% in 2013, and the annual rates were close to each other in this 6-year period (p > 0.05). History of uterine surgery was the indication with the highest rate of 49.52%, while fetal distress was the second most frequent with 12.53%; presentation anomalies were observed as the most frequent third indication with 7.55%, and umbilical cord prolapse was the least frequent indication with 0.33%. Conclusions: Patient education about normal delivery and providing means for pain control during normal delivery, improvement in physical conditions of the clinics, frequent and regular training of the assisting staff with obstetrics physicians are important to diminish the rates of primary cesarean sections. In addition, a normal delivery after a previous cesarean section must be encouraged

Periodontal treatment is associated with improvement in gastricHelicobacter pylorieradication: an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials

Objectives The efficacy of conventional systemic antibiotic therapy for eradication ofHelicobacter pylorihas been seriously challenged by antibiotic resistance. Identification of alternative therapeutic strategies might help to overcome this limitation. The aim of this study was to update previous meta-analyses that investigated the effect of periodontal treatment on gastricH. pylorieradication. Methods A systematic electronic search of the literature was conducted to identify all published clinical trials that compared the effect of adjunct periodontal treatment on conventional systemicH. pylorieradication therapy. Results The updated analysis (consisting of 541 participants representing six studies) demonstrated that, compared with conventional systemic eradication therapy alone, the addition of periodontal treatment resulted in improvements in gastricH. pylorieradication rates with OR 4.11 (P = 0.01). Moreover, not to lose any data, the previously presented Chinese results that could not be assessed by any available mechanism deduced from previously published meta-analysis and with other records were re-analysed. Similarly, the second meta-analysis adding up to a final cluster of 10 studies (909 participants) gives further credence to periodontal treatment as a useful concomitant therapy in theH. pylorieradication therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.65;P = 0.0002). Finally, the meta-analysis of four trials consisting of 177 cases and 161 controls showed that periodontal treatment also improved non-recurrence rates of gastricH. pyloriinfection, with an OR of 5.36 (P-value = 0.0002). Conclusion Although the inclusion of five additional clinical trials in this updated meta-analysis has not changed the result of the previous review, the current meta-analysis is superior for having removed one study involving the use of chlorhexidine, which did not meet appropriate criteria for inclusion. Our results strengthen the value of periodontal treatment as an adjunctive remedy. Consistency of these results suggests that the incorporation of professional periodontal treatment with systemic eradication therapy may be a wise strategy, enhancing the efficacy ofH. pylorieradication therapy. Systematic review registration: in PROSPERO ID number: CRD42019119347

Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 and toll-like receptor 4 in aggressive periodontitis and in chronic periodontitis

Background and Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression and the distribution of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) and of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in tissue samples from patients with periodontal disease (aggressive periodontitis and chronic periodontitis) and from healthy controls

Induced smectic mesomorphism in mixtures of p-cyano-p'-pentylbiphenyl and p-pentylbenzoic acid

[[abstract]]The phase diagram of p-cyano-p'-pentylbiphenyl (CPB) and p-pentylbenzoic acid (5BA) shows a maximum value of the nematic-isotropic transition temperature at ∼equimolar concentrations of CPB and the dimer of 5BA (D5BA). Two eutectic points occur at concentrations of D5BA of 8 and 65 mole %, respectively, and an induced smectic phase occurs in the concentration range of 15 to 65 % D5BA. Dielectric properties and the spontaneous homeotropy of some of the mixtures can best be understood by considering the phases to consist primarily of D5BA and CPB, with a small amount of free 5BA modulating the dielectric properties and promoting homeotropic alignment.[[notice]]補正完

Serum vitamin D concentration is associated with antimicrobial peptide level in periodontal diseases

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess whether or not Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the GCF and gingival tissue antimicrobial peptides (AMP), namely, human beta defensin-2 (hBD-2) and cathelicidin (LL-37) level in chronic periodontitis (CP) and gingivitis patients

The Antimicrobial Peptide DEFB1 Is Associated with Caries

Genetics is an important component in the determination of individual susceptibility to caries and periodontal diseases. Since beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) localizes in the oral cavity, we tested if variation in DEFB1 is associated with caries and periodontitis. We analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DEFB1 in DNA samples from unrelated individuals. Carrying a copy of the variant allele of the DEFB1 marker rs11362 (G-20A) increased the DMFT and DMFS scores more than five-fold. Also, carrying a copy of the variant allele of the DEFB1 marker rs179946 (G-52A) correlated with low DMFT scores. We found a high-caries-experience haplotype (GCA), which increased DMFT scores two-fold, and a low-caries-experience haplotype (ACG), which decreased DMFT scores two-fold, in the DEFB1 promoter. No association between DEFB1 genetic markers and periodontal disease was found. Our results suggest that functional polymorphisms of DEFB1 are potential markers for caries

Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid and serum human beta-defensin-2 levels between periodontal health and disease

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), an antimicrobial peptide that takes roles in inflammatory diseases, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Subjects and Methods A total of one hundred and one individuals, 59 controls and 42 patients with CP, participated in this study. Clinical index measurements were recorded during the periodontal examination, and radiographic evaluation was also performed. The serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken from all of the participants, and the hBD-2 levels were determined biochemically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In our study, hBD-2 GCF levels in CP (stages II-IV periodontitis based on the new 2018 classification of periodontal diseases) group (2.77 ng/30 s) were higher than in the periodontally healthy (2.51 ng/30 s;p = .047) individuals. In contrast, serum hBD-2 levels in CP (2.92 ng/ml) were lower compared with those in healthy controls (7.75 ng/ml,p < .001). Conclusion Interestingly, our results showed that while higher hBD-2 GCF levels are associated with CP, lower serum hBD-2 levels were detected in CP