Personality traits and anxiety in patients with temporomandibular disorders

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have long been suggested to result from psychological factors. Recent studies, however, tend to consider TMD a chronic psychosomatic illness. The present study was designed to explore the association between TMD and personality profile. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Reconstructed form (MMPI-2-RF) was used to evaluate the association for the first time. Methods: A total of 258 subjects participated in this case�control study. TMD cases as detected by the Helkimo index were questioned regarding their personality characteristics and anxiety levels using MMPI-2-RF and Spielberger state and trait anxiety inventory. Results: Patients with TMD scored higher on all personality characteristics except for Aberrant Experiences. The psychological profile of TMD showed no significant difference between theoretical and experimental Ideas of Persecution means. Patients with TMD reported significantly higher mean levels of state and trait anxiety than controls. The most frequently found anxiety levels in TMD cases have been mild state and trait anxiety (77.5 versus 74.4). Conclusion: Personality characteristic scores were considerably higher in TMD patients. TMD cases detected by Helkimo index manifest both trait and state anxiety as common findings. © 2022, The Author(s)

The effect of weight loss program on overweight and obese females based on protection motivation theory: A randomized control trial

Background: It is especially true that prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide and it is probably because of changes in diet and physical behavior pattern. Objectives: The current study aimed to test the effect of weight loss program on overweight and obese females based on protection motivation theory. Methods: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) was implemented in the form of single blind. In total, 150 females with overweight and obesity were randomly divided into three groups including: 1, standard program group; 2, motivation interviewing (MI) group and; 3, motivation interviewing (MI) and intention intervention (II) condition (50 subjects in each group). They participated in a randomized clinical trial, also attended a private nutrition clinic in Gorgan city (Golestan province, North of Iran) for the first time. A researcher-made questionnaire and participant’s sheets (including three days food recall and anthropometric traits) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS (ver.11) and statistical tests including Kruskal-Wallis, One-way ANOVA, Friedman test, Tukey test, Paired T-test and linear regression model were employed. Results: The mean age of females was 38.45 ± 9.49 years, most of them had academic degree 46.7 (n = 70), 78.7 (n = 118) were married and 60.7 (n = 91) were housewives. ANOVA repeated measure test showed that daily energy intake decreased two (P = 0.001) and six months (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.007) and body mass index (BMI) (0.005) after intervention. Threat appraisal statistically differed six months after intervention (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Motivational interviewing resulted in decreased daily energy intake, anthropometric characteristics as well as augmented scores of coping and threat appraisal. © 2016, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Effect of motivational interviewing on weight efficacy lifestyle among women with overweight and obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Obesity and overweight have become increasingly a major public health problem across the world. This study aimed at exploring the effects of motivational interviewing on weight efficacy lifestyle among women with obesity and overweight. A single-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 100 overweight and obese women who attended a nutrition clinic. The samples were selected based on the clinical records and assigned into two groups, namely motivational interviewing arm (50 samples) and nutrition education arm (50 samples). Data were collected using a standard validated questionnaire entitled “weight efficacy lifestyle”. The intervention was designed according to five motivation sessions and four nutrition education programs, such that the participants of the nutrition education arm were also provided with the nutrition pamphlets related to weight control. Data were finally analyzed using the SPSS statistical software by performing the independent t-test, chi-square, LSD and repeated measures ANOVA tests. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean age of women was 39.9±9.1 and 36.3±8.9 years in the control and motivational interviewing arms, respectively. Compared with the control group, the score of the motivational interviewing group was statistically significant in terms of weight efficacy lifestyle P=0.0001) and all subscales including social pressure (P=0.0001), physical discomfort (P=0.005), food accessibility (P=0.0001), positive and entertainment activities (P=0.0001), as well as negative emotions (P=0.003). Motivational interviewing appeared to be effective in increasing weight efficacy lifestyle among women with overweight and obesity. © 2017, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Modifying attitude and intention toward regular physical activity using protection motivation theory: A randomized controlled trial Modification de l’attitude et de l’intention vis-à-vis d’une activité physique régulière à l’aide de la théorie de la motivation à la protection: Essai contrôlé randomisé

We were guided by the Protection Motivation Theory to test the motivational interviewing effects on attitude and intention of obese and overweight women to do regular physical activity. In a randomized controlled trial, we selected using convenience sampling 60 overweight and obese women attending health centres. The women were allocated to 2 groups of 30 receiving a standard weight-control programme or motivational interviewing. All constructs of the theory (perceived susceptibility, severity, self-efficacy and response efficacy) and all anthropometric characteristics (except body mass index) were significantly different between the groups at 3 study times. The strongest predictors of intention to do regular physical exercise were perceived response efficacy and attitude at 2- and 6-months follow-up. We showed that targeting otivational interviewing with an emphasis on Protection Motivation Theory constructs appeared to be beneficial for designing and developing appropriate intervention to improve physical activity status among women with overweight and obesity. © 2017, World Health Organization. All rights reserved

Predicting oral health behavior using the health promotion model among school students: A cross-sectional survey

Background: The mean of DMFT (D=decayed teeth or untreated caries, M=missing teeth, F=filled teeth and T=permanent teeth) has been increasing from 1957 to 2015 years in Iran. The current survey aimed to test the power of health promotion model for predicting the oral health behavior among high-school students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 482 high school students in Gorgan city, Iran. Multi-cluster sampling was used to recruit the samples. A researcher-made questionnaire based on HPM was implemented to collect data. To analyze, SPSS-18 and statistical tests, including t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and univariate and multivariate regression models were used. Results: A total of 482 high-school students including 255 (52.9%) male and 227 (47.1%) with mean age of 16.02 ± 0.5 were investigated. The highest and lowest prevalent positive oral health behavior were tooth brushing (73%) and using fluidized oral irrigator (3.6%), respectively. Except for perceived barriers (with negative correlation), all constructs of HBM were positively related to oral health behaviors. Self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of oral health behavior (ß=0.653) (r=0.541, P < 0.05). Conclusion: HPM seems likely beneficial to design and develop oral health behaviors among students. Self-efficacy and perceived benefits should also be noticed to promote students oral health behaviors

Fast food consumption behaviors in high-school students based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

Background: Studies report inappropriate snack and junk food consumption patterns in children and young adults in Iran. The current survey was aimed to explore fast food consumption behaviors in high-school students based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 500 high-school students. Samples were selected based on cluster sampling method at first and simple random at second. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze, SPSS-16 and tests, including t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. Results: The monthly frequency of fast food consumption was 4.01. The TPB explained fast food use behaviors with R2 of 0.6, effectively. Results also represented that frequency of fast food consumption was meaningfully in line with behavioral intention (β = 0.60, P &lt; 0.05) and subjective norms (β = 0.17, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: It seems likely beneficial to consider important subjective norms (especially friends) that may strongly effect on high-school student intention to use fast food. Also students perceived behavioral control must be increased

Association of fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors (PB) against COVID-19 in Iran

Introduction: The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of COVID-19. The pandemic may affect physical and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the fear of COVID-19 and study the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors against COVID-19. Material and methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study to evaluate the fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among the volunteer population in Golestan Province, Iran in May 2020 and June 2020. The online questionnaire included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and the prevention behaviors against COVID-19, which are used to assess the fear and prevention behaviors of the population, respectively. The data were presented by mean and frequency. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with Fear of COVID-19 at a significant level of 0.05 in Stata 14. Results: A total of 734 of the 900 individuals contacted completed the survey, with a participation rate of 81.5. The mean age of the participants was 33.97 ± 10.68 years and 375 (51.9) were females. The mean Fear of COVID-19 score in the participants was 19.69 ± 5.96. There was a significant positive correlation between Fear of COVID-19 and preventive behaviors (r = 0.19, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed participants with a higher perceived threat of COVID-19, women, married participants, health workers and people with underlying diseases had higher levels of fear of COVID-19. Conclusions: The fear of COVID-19 in Iranian society is high, which indicates the need to pay attention to the mental health in pandemic conditions. Appropriate intervention action can be designed and implemented according to the factors that affect fear. In addition, it should be noted that people with less fear are less likely to observe the COVID-19�s preventative behaviors. © Copyright 2021 Via Medic