Chemical composition of the infrapatellar fat pad of swine

The porcine infrapatellar fat pad is a structure composed of adipocytes and adipose connective tissues. Limited information is available concerning its chemical composition. Samples of the fat pad collected from young hogs were dissected into two portions: a relatively hard core of the pad with cushioning properties (inner tissue), and a soft adipose tissue surrounding the core (outer tissue). The inner tissue contained less moisture and nitrogen than did the outer tissue. The yield of dry-delipidated tissue was also lower in the inner tissue, indicating a higher content of lipid in this tissue. Fatty acid analysis showed that the proportions of C18: 1, C16: 1 and C18: 2n-6 are higher, and the proportion of C16: 0 is lower in the inner than in the outer tissue. Collagen is the major protein, with relatively small amounts of glycosaminoglycans in both tissues. The content of hyaluronic acid relative to sulphated galactosaminoglycan was lower in the inner than in the outer tissue. The electrophoresis pattern of sulphated galactosaminoglycan was also different between the two tissues. These results suggest that chemical composition varies between adipose tissues with different biomechanical function

Alto contenido de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) en leche y productos derivados al incorporar semillas de girasol a la dieta vacuna: Implicaciones sobre el riesgo trombo/aterogénico

High conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in milk and dairy products using a dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows. Thrombogenic/atherogenic risk issues. This studywas undertaken to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows on the chemical composition of milk and dairy products. Cream, butter and butter oil were prepared from milk produced by cows fed a control diet (control products) or diet supplemented with 11.2% sunflour seed (CLA-rich products). Milk samples collected were determined for lactose. A sample of CLArich or control product was determined for fatty acid profile as well as fat, protein and ash contents. The index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were also calculated. Results revealed that there was no effect of the inclusion of sunflower seed in the diet on the lactose content in milk and total fat, protein and ash contents in the dairy products. Average contents of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and transvaccenic acid (TVA), expressed as g/ 100g total fatty acid were 0.54 and 1.6, respectively in the control products, and 2 and 6.4, respectively in the CLA-rich products. The content of either CLA or TVA was approximately four fold higher in the latter products. Moreover, CLA-rich products showed considerably low IA and IT, which were, respectively, 38.4 and 25.0% less than those from control products. Fatty acid profiles were unaffected during processing, which demonstrates that CLA is a stable component in the dairy products analyzed. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of sunflower seed in cows increases the CLA and TVA contents in milk, which may contribute to the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular diseases in human

A tribute to nutrio-diabetologist; Shanti S. Rastogi MBBS, MD, FRCP, FICN, FICC

Dr. Shanti Swarup Rastogi Fig. (1) who pioneered the Diet and Lifestyle guidelines of India was a staunch and steadfast friend who believed in the warmth of friendship. Dr. Rastogi gave his all love to those who were his friends and hence he was affectionately called Nawab Sahib. Once I (RBS) found him worried, because he was of the opinion that his son Dr. Sharad was not that liberal with his friends. He wanted him to be liberal and to be called at least Chhote Nawab by his friends. He was a shining light that guided us with his extraordinary enthusiasm and he would never say NO to anything. He was a visionary with ‘nutriological ideas’ and his work, ethos and energy were exemplary.In the last three decades, Dr. Rastogi co-authored approximately 200 research papers including some important classical articles that have been published in world-class journals. He presented these views in national and international conferences such as those held in Canada, UK, Japan, USA, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand and in many other countries. We missed him in the 17th World Congress on Clinical Nutrition, Sofia, Bulgaria in which he was unable to preside due to aplastic anemia from which he was suffering for the past year. I posed the question with him; “Can drug eluting stents cause this illness” because another doctor friend with similar stents also developed aplastic anemia. We also humourously posed another question, “Why did you stop making the platelets”; his answer was, “because it is platelets which caused thrombosis resulting in heart attack”. Cardiologists asked him not to take aspirin to prevent stent thrombosis which he had about a year ago. The association of aplastic anemia with stents needs further studies