AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY IN MOLDOVA AND MACEDONIA

The effect of pollution on the World and the alarming rate of technological development has obliged us to do something to protect environment. That the economy of the world has grown five times since 1950, and the population of the world has reached 5.5 billion from 2.6 million, the biological diversity and natural resources are at risk. Furthermore, this risk gained speed because of extensive consuming. Forests are in the first place that affected by this devastation. It can beclearly seen that forests are being destroyed every single day. Forests are destroyed not only by axes, and machines but also factories, gas that comes out of power plants and cars. Particularly, in Europe the effect of acid rains and pollution on forests and agricultural fields is widely known.Another effect of pollution is changes in climate. Many parts of the world are becoming desert because of global warming caused by changes in climate. The damage in the ozone layer scares people and people prevent themselves from sunlight. The increase of pollution effects vegetation and agriculture. Despite all these troubles human beings have to continue their lives. Compared with European countries agriculture in Balkan countries is reassuring. This study provides someuseful information about two distinguished countries of Balkan in terms of forestry and agriculture

International Labour Force Participation Rates by Gender: Unit Root or Structural Breaks?

This paper examines the possibility of unit roots in the presence of endogenously determined multiple structural breaks in the total, female and male labour force participation rates (LFPR) for Australia, Canada and the USA. We extend the procedure of Gil-Alana (2008) for single structural break to the case of multiple structural breaks at endogenously determined dates using the principles suggested by Bai and Perron (1998). We use the Robinson (1994) LM test to determine the fractional order of integration. We find that endogenously determined structural breaks render the total, female and male LFPR series stationary or at best mean-reverting.Labour Force Participation Rates, Gender, Fractional Integration, Structural Breaks

Pressure drop across micro-pin heat sinks under boiling conditions

Two-phase pressure drop was studied in four different micro pin fin heat sinks. Micro pin fin heat sinks used in the current studies were operated under boiling conditions using water and R-123 as working fluids. It was observed that once boiling was initiated severe temperature fluctuations and flow oscillations were recorded for three of the micro pin fin heat sinks, which was characterized as unstable boiling. Pressure drop signals were presented just before and after the unstable boiling conditions. Flow images and FFT (fast Fourier Transform) profiles of pressure signals were used to explain experimental results and unstable nature in flow boiling observed in the three of the devices. Stable boiling conditions where the temperature and pressure drop had a steady and stable profile could be only obtained from one micro pin fin heat sink at high mass velocities. The two-phase pressure drop in this hydrofoil-based micro pin fin heat sink has been investigated using R-123 as the working fluid. Two-phase frictional multipliers have been obtained over mass fluxes from 976 to 2349 kg/m2. It has been found that the two-phase frictional multiplier is strongly dependent on flow pattern. The theoretical prediction using Martinelli parameter based on the laminar fluid and laminar gas flow represented the experimental data fairly well for the spray-annular flow. For the bubbly and wavy-intermittent flow, however, large deviations from the experimental data were recorded. The Martinelli parameter was used successfully to determine the flow patterns, which were bubbly, wavy-intermittent, and spray-annular flow in the current study

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, AND CREDIT RATINGS OF HOSPITALITY FIRMS

This study examines interrelated connections of corporate governance, ownership structure, and credit ratings. From the agency relationship perspective, the study analyzes this multiple association by accounting for firm-specific and ownership characteristics for the period between 1990 and 2007. In this context, logistic functions are used in regression models to predict the probable outcomes of these multiple relationships. Primary findings of this study revealed that hospitality firms with higher anti-takeover provisions (less shareholder power) enjoy higher credit ratings. Findings also revealed high coefficients of Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003) index (the GIM index), suggesting that hospitality firms have strong governance provisions, reduced agency conflicts, and higher chances of getting better credit ratings

Evaluation of life quality and sleep problems in children presenting with headache to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic

Aim: We aimed to investigate the quality of life (QL) and sleep habits (SH) of children presenting to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinic with headache. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional and observational survey study included children aged 2-18 who presented to the pediatric neurology outpatient clinics of Dr. Ali Kemal Belviranlı Maternity and Children's Hospital or Konya City Hospital between April and August 2022. QL was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Results: The study included 137 patients (56.2% girls) with a mean age of 153.54±34.5 months at presentation. All patients were diagnosed with primary headache; 51.8% had migraine and 48.2% had tension-type headache. Quality of life scores were 69.07±14.96 according to child self-assessment and 66.39±15.37 according to parental assessment. The mean score on the sleep habits questionnaire was 48.01±7.68, and 9.5% of the patients had good sleep quality. Subscale scores showed that the greatest adverse effects on QL were in the areas of emotional functioning and school functioning. Conclusions: Clinical assessment of patients’ QL and SH is important for individualizing treatment and approach in pediatric primary headache

On applications of algebraic function fields to codes

The relation between algebraic function fields over finite fields and coding theory started with Goppa's important code construction, which is nowadays called geometric Goppa codes. He used Riemann-Roch spaces of divisors and degree one (rational) places of a function field to write codes with good parameters. Since Goppa's work, interaction between function fields and codes has been investigated extensively and further applications in coding theory have been found. The aim of this thesis is to describe two of these applications. The first is Goppas idea and its generalization by Xing-Niederreiter-Lam and Heydtmann using higher degree places of the function field. The second application is the use of number of rational places of a function field to estimate the minimum distance of cyclic codes. We give two examples of cyclic codes; binary Hamming and BCH codes