Analyzing competitiveness of automotive industry through cumulative belief degrees

Copyright @ 2012 The European Mathematical SocietyThis study aims to analyze the automotive industry from competitiveness perspective using a novel cumulative belief degrees (CBD) approach. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on CBD is proposed to quantify the relations among the variables in a system. This model is used to analyze the Turkish Automotive Industry through scenario analysis.This research is supported by SEDEFED (Federation of Industrial Associations), REF (TÜSİAD Sabanci University Competitiveness Forum), and OSD (Automotive Manufacturers Association

Unilateral Spinal Anaesthesia in Calves

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΕΡΙΛΗΨΗIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of unilateral anaesthesia by the administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine through the lumbosacral space into the subarachnoid space in calves. A total of 10 calves with unilateral femoral fractures were included in the study. After each calf was placed in a lateral position on the side intended for surgery, 15 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine was slowly injected into the subarachnoid space. The onset, duration and depth of anaesthesia were determined by the pinprick test (scale 1–4). In addition, heart rate, diastolic arterial blood pressure, systolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature of the calves were monitored and recorded from the onset to 120 min after anaesthesia. The onset of unilateral spinal anaesthesia was within 20 s and the mean duration of anaesthesia was 155.40 min. Although there were statistical differences between hemodynamic values in the study, they were within the reference values. As a result, we believe that unilateral spinal anaesthesia in calves provides adequate anaesthesia for use in orthopaedic procedures; thus, it can be used in practice

Formation of silicon nanodots via ion beam sputtering of ultrathin gold thin film coatings on Si

Ion beam sputtering of ultrathin film Au coatings used as a physical catalyst for self-organization of Si nanostructures has been achieved by tuning the incident particle energy. This approach holds promise as a scalable nanomanufacturing parallel processing alternative to candidate nanolithography techniques. Structures of 11- to 14-nm Si nanodots are formed with normal incidence low-energy Ar ions of 200 eV and fluences above 2 × 1017 cm-2. In situ surface characterization during ion irradiation elucidates early stage ion mixing migration mechanism for nanodot self-organization. In particular, the evolution from gold film islands to the formation of ion-induced metastable gold silicide followed by pure Si nanodots formed with no need for impurity seeding

Is keV ion induced pattern formation on Si(001) caused by metal impurities?

We present ion beam erosion experiments performed in ultra high vacuum using a differentially pumped ion source and taking care that the ion beam hits the Si(001) sample only. Under these conditions no ion beam patterns form on Si for angles below 45 degrees with respect to the global surface normal using 2 keV Kr ions and fluences of 2 x 10^22 ions/m^2. In fact, the ion beam induces a smoothening of preformed patterns. Simultaneous sputter deposition of stainless steel in this angular range creates a variety of patterns, similar to those previously ascribed to clean ion beam induced destabilization of the surface profile. Only for grazing incidence with incident angles between 60 degrees and 83 degrees pronounced ion beam patterns form. It appears that the angular dependent stability of Si(001) against pattern formation under clean ion beam erosion conditions is related to the angular dependence of the sputtering yield, and not primarily to a curvature dependent yield as invoked frequently in continuum theory models.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Nanotechnology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from i

Randomized Comparison of Bipolar versus Unipolar Plus Bipolar Recordings During Segmental Ostial Ablation of Pulmonary Veins

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73720/1/j.1540-8167.2002.00851.x.pd