Phylogenetic relationship between the gut bacterial flora of honeybee (Apis mellifera) from Apiary in Ogun State, Nigeria

The present study is aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationship between honeybee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiome from Apiary in Olabisi Onabanjo University and Osoba Avenue Odo-Epo, Odogbolu Local  Government. Honeybees workers (A. mellifera) totaling twenty (20) were collected into a vile having a powdery sugar from the apiary located in OOU and Osoba Avenue at Odo-Epo during rainy season in July and transported to Zoology and Environmental Biology laboratory in OOU and kept in ice-cubes (-50oC) till  daybreak. Before the dissection process, the bees were washed in 95% ethanol and complete alimentary canals of the bees were aseptically dissected by clipping the stinger with sterile forceps. The phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rDNA gene were further used to characterize the organism in order to establish relationships among them. The partial 16S rDNA sequences obtained were utilized in search of reference nucleotide sequence available in NCBI GenBank database using BlastN algorithm. Maft version 7.0 was employed in the multiple  alignments of nucleotide sequences while trees were drawn based on character method (Maximum Likelihood) for comparing set of data against set of models of evolution using MEGA 7

Effect of different organic manure on the growth of Cedrelaodoratal. (red cedar)

This study investigated the effect of organic manure (cow dung, poultry and pig manure) on the growth of Cedrelaodorata in order to determine the most suitable fertilizer for the plant growth. Cow dung manure (CM), poultry manure (PM) and pig manure (pig waste) (PIM) were used as fertilizers. Manure were weighed and applied as treatment to the soil at 50g of CM (TI), 50g of PM (T2), 50g of PIM (T3), 50g combination of CM, PM and PIM (T4) and topsoil as control (T5). The experiment was laid in a completely randomized Design (CRD) and replicated six times and heights stem diameter and leaf production parameters were assessed for 8weeks. The result of study showed that seedlings raised with the combination of all the manures (T5) had the highest mean value of 13.30 cm followed by 12.75) while T3 has the lowest mean height value of 11.55cm. The mean number was higher in the seedlings raised in T5 (73.70) and lowest in T1 with mean of 45.62 leaves.The stem diameter values of Cedrelaodorata seedling raised with treatment 5 had the mean highest stem diameter 3.78 -5.01 mm for the period of study followed by treatment 2 (3.67- 4.36 mm) while treatment1 has the lowest mean value of 2.50- 3.45mm. Application organic fertilizer had significant effects on all the growth parameters considered. This study has shown that organic manure enhanced the growth of Cedrelaodorata seedlings and production