Photocatalytic Synthesis of Quinazolinone Derivatives as Mediated by Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticles Greenly Synthesised via <i>Citrus limon</i> Juice

In this study, we focused on the ultrasonic synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles via a green chemistry process using Citrus limon (lemon) juice. XRD diffractograms and Raman spectroscopy revealed the anatase structure of TiO2, SEM analysis showed nanometric particle sizes, and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the synthesized nanoparticles. The catalytic performance of the biosynthesised nanoparticles was evaluated for the synthesis of sulphur-substituted quinazolinone derivatives under UV irradiation. The final products were achieved in 6–8 h with good yields (79–91%).</p