Additional file 2: of Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass

Combines Additional file Tables S2–S4 (excel format). Table S2A. Numbers of putative genes per CAZy family for the 10 genomes addressed in this study. Table S2B. Numbers of putative genes per Plant Polysaccharide Degradation-related CAZy family for the 10 genomes addressed in this study. Table S3A. Orthology clusters of feruloyl esterase (SF), glycoside hydrolase (GH), carbohydrate esterase and polysaccharide lyase (PL) families. Table S3B. Orthology clusters of auxiliary activities (AA). Table S4A. Detection of proteins in cultures grown on wheat bran sorted by CAZy family. Table S4B. Detection of proteins in cultures grown on sugar beet pulp sorted by CAZy family. Table S4C. Detected proteins in cultures grown on wheat bran sorted by number of species that contain an orthologue. Table S4D. Detected proteins in cultures grown on sugar beet pulp sorted by number of species that contain an orthologue

Additional file 1: of Closely related fungi employ diverse enzymatic strategies to degrade plant biomass

Combines Additional File Figures S1–S4 and Table S1. Figure S1: Hydrolytic enzyme activity profiles of the eight species. Figure S2: Laccase activity of the eight species. Figure S3: Differences in feruloyl esterase production. Figure S4: Conserved SDS-PAGE profiles for isolates of the same species. Table S1. Strains used in this study

Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>

<div><p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> are closely related necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi notable for their wide host ranges and environmental persistence. These attributes have made these species models for understanding the complexity of necrotrophic, broad host-range pathogenicity. Despite their similarities, the two species differ in mating behaviour and the ability to produce asexual spores. We have sequenced the genomes of one strain of <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> and two strains of <i>B. cinerea</i>. The comparative analysis of these genomes relative to one another and to other sequenced fungal genomes is provided here. Their 38–39 Mb genomes include 11,860–14,270 predicted genes, which share 83% amino acid identity on average between the two species. We have mapped the <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> assembly to 16 chromosomes and found large-scale co-linearity with the <i>B. cinerea</i> genomes. Seven percent of the <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> genome comprises transposable elements compared to <1% of <i>B. cinerea</i>. The arsenal of genes associated with necrotrophic processes is similar between the species, including genes involved in plant cell wall degradation and oxalic acid production. Analysis of secondary metabolism gene clusters revealed an expansion in number and diversity of <i>B. cinerea</i>–specific secondary metabolites relative to <i>S. sclerotiorum</i>. The potential diversity in secondary metabolism might be involved in adaptation to specific ecological niches. Comparative genome analysis revealed the basis of differing sexual mating compatibility systems between <i>S. sclerotiorum</i> and <i>B. cinerea</i>. The organization of the mating-type loci differs, and their structures provide evidence for the evolution of heterothallism from homothallism. These data shed light on the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of the genetically complex traits of necrotrophic pathogenicity and sexual mating. This resource should facilitate the functional studies designed to better understand what makes these fungi such successful and persistent pathogens of agronomic crops.</p></div