看護師における医療過誤要因の意識分析 : 要因検索モデル作成

　In order to identify the factors that nurses having experienced medical errors considered likely to lead to medical errors and to find out the inter-relations among factors and explain their perception formation by model construction, we surveyed 1,053 nurses who were working in eight randomly-selected hospitals each having more than one clinical department. 　We conducted exploratory factor analysis to find out a small number of latent background factors from a large number of items that are manifest factors, and also used Structural Equation Models. For the identification of factors, 23 items were input to extract factors by factor analysis; multiple linear regression analysis was applied. Data analysis used for factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis; moreover SEM which is able to show cause and effect relations in phenomena and concept structures, was used. 　As the result of verifying the independence between the years of nursing experience with five years set as the separator and the experience or nonexperience of medical accidents by the Chi-square test showed a significant difference between nurses with less than five years and nurses with five years or more of experience. With less than five years of experience working as a nurse, five factors of “Poor physical conditions,” “Unable to concentrate,” “Inferior working environment,” “Tasks which easily lead to confusion,” and “Looking- Back” were extracted from nurses, while the four factors of “Management of health,” “Variant services,” “Difficult judgment,” and “Demotivation” were extracted from nurses with five years or more of experience working. 　In the adopted models, factors are divided into ones associated with the individual aspects of a nurse and ones associated with working environments. In both models for nurses with or without at least five years of experience, a cause-and-effect relation is drawn from factors associated with working environment through to factors associated with personal aspects. It was presumed that nurses with less than five years of experience perceived the factors of medical errors to lie in the very working environment in which they were working, while nurses with five years or more of experience perceived medical errors to be attributable to interpersonal relations. It is important to, based on the results of this study, not only attempt to improve the work environment and interpersonal relations but also be thoroughly committed to the creation of smooth relationships.　本研究は、医療事故または過誤経験のある看護師を対象に、看護師の医療事故または過 誤に対する意識を探索することにより、その要因の特定と要因間相互の関連性およびその 構造をモデル作成によって説明することを目的にする。 　方法は、潜在的な要因を探索的因子分析を用いて見出し、その背後にある要因の関係は、 共分散構造分析（SEM）を用いて示した。対象は中部、中国地方から医療事故または過誤 防止のための対策を講じている複数診療科をもつ８病院を選定し、そこに勤務する看護師 に行った。有効回答数は１０５３名であった。データの解析には因子分析と重回帰分析を行い、 さらに現象や構成概念の因果関係を示す共分散構造分析を用いた。 　結果、看護師経験５年未満と以上の医療事故の意識に有意差が見られた。５年未満は心 身不調、集中不可能、労働環境不良、錯誤業務、振り返りが抽出され、５年以上は体調管 理、業務変動、状況判断不能、士気消失が抽出された。モデルは、５年未満、５年以上と も労働環境から個人要因に関わる要因に因果関係が導かれ、５年未満は、自分の働く労働 環境そのものに、５年以上は対人関係に医療事故または過誤の要因のあると意識していた。 本結果をふまえ、職場環境の改善や人的交流を図り、スムーズな人間関係作りを徹底して 行うことが重要であることが示唆された。[原著

The First Systematic Survey for Lyman Alpha Emitters at z=7.3 with Red-sensitive Subaru/Suprime-Cam

We have performed deep imaging surveys for LyA emitters (LAEs) at redshift ~7.3 in two blank fields, the Subaru Deep Field (SDF) and the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep survey Field (SXDF), using the Subaru/Suprime-Cam equipped with new red-sensitive CCDs and a new narrow-band filter, NB1006 (lambda_c=10052 Ang, FWHM=214 Ang). We identified four objects as LAE candidates that exhibit luminosity excess in NB1006. By carrying out deep follow-up spectroscopy for three of them using Subaru/FOCAS and Keck/DEIMOS, a definitively asymmetric emission line is detected for one of them, SXDF-NB1006-2. Assuming this line is LyA, this object is a LAE at z=7.215 which has luminosity of 1.2^{+1.5}_{-0.6} x 10^43 [erg s-1] and a weighted skewness S_w=4.90+-0.86. Another object, SDF-NB1006-2, shows variable photometry and is thus probably a quasar (QSO) or an active galactic nucleus (AGN). It shows an asymmetric emission line at 10076 Ang, which may be due to either LyA at z=7.288 or [OII] at z=1.703. The third object, SDF-NB1006-1, is likely a galaxy with temporal luminosity enhancement associated with a supernova explosion, as the brightness of this object varies between the observed epochs. Its spectrum does not show any emission lines. The inferred decrease in the number density of LAEs toward higher redshift is n_LyA(z=7.3)/n_LyA(z=5.7) = 0.05^+0.11_-0.05 from z=5.7 to 7.3 down to L(LyA)=1.0 x 10^43 [erg s-1]. The present result is consistent with the interpretation in previous studies that the neutral hydrogen fraction is rapidly increasing from z=5.7 to 7.3.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, Accepted to Ap

Estimation of Greenland surface mass balance using positive degree-days method and energy balance model

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc

土壌より分離した細菌によるモノフルオロ酢酸の分解

1. Some of the bacterial isolates are capable of growing in a defined medium containing FA or FAA as a sole source of carbon and are indeed able to defluorinate these pesticide ingredients. 2. The defluorination activity roughly parallels to the growth rate in the medium. 3. The apparent disturbance of the adaptation process by the nutrients carried over from the inoculum suggests that the bacterial adaptation to defluorination could hardly be expected in the ordinary field soil

Activities for children suffering from mental disturbance

Activities that promote human bonding together with a care support system are very important for the mental and physical development of children suffering from mental disturbances and their quality of life. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of performing activities that promote human bonding in３６children living in a care institution in Prefecture A, and examined the possibility of incorporating these activities in a care support system for children with mental disturbances. Physical well‐being and mental well‐being are both indispensable for the healthy development of children. We spent eight weeks developing a program of activities that promote human bonding for children living in a care institution. Adult care providers led the children in activities that promote the growth and development of children including attachment with an adult and puppet play. When the activities were first conducted with the children, the３６children were indifferent, passive and depressed. After performing these activities with the children for８weeks, behavioral changes such as smiles and spontaneous actions were observed in the children, suggesting that the activities that promote human bonding led to emotional, behavioral and social growth. Moreover, a request for continuation of activities promoting human bonding was submitted by local inhabitants（volunteers, Local Social Welfare Agency, and the Director of care institution）, and thus the necessity of a care system for children suffering from mental disturbances was confirmed. Access to specialists through local networks for children in institutions will allow regional social welfare agencies, members of the community, and health care professionals such as nurses, to help these children to overcome their mental disturbance. Our results suggest that activities that promote human bonding should be incorporated in the support system for children with mental disturbances

Properties of host haloes of Lyman-break galaxies and Lyman-alpha Emitters from their number densities and angular clustering

We explore empirical relations between three different populations of high-redshift galaxies and their hosting dark halos employing the halo model approach. Specifically we consider Lyman-break galaxies at z\sim4 and at z\sim5, and Lyman-Alpha emitters at z\simeq 4.86. We adopt a halo occupation function prescription to parameterize the properties of their hosting halos and the efficiency of halo-dependent star formation. We find that the two LBG samples are well described by the halo model with an appropriate HOF. We obtain constraints on properties of their hosting halos. A typical mass of hosting halos for LBGs is 5\times10^{11}h^{-1}M_\odot and the expected number of LBGs per halo is \sim0.5, therefore there is an approximate one-to-one correspondence between halos and LBGs. We also find a sign of the minimum mass of LBG hosting halos decreasing with time. We discuss implications of these findings on the star formation history of LBGs. On the other hand, for LAEs, our simple HOF prescription fails to reproduce simultaneously the observed angular correlation function and the number density. This might imply either that the distribution of LAEs within hosting halos differs from that of dark matter, or that the strong large-scale correlation is due to the existence of an unusual, large overdense region, and so the survey region is not a representative of the z\sim5 universe, the definite answer should wait for a much wider survey of LAEs at high redshifts.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, revised version accepted for Publication in MNRA

Antarctic ice sheet modeling of the Last Glacial Maximum and the last deglaciation using the three-dimensional ice sheet model SICOPOLIS

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc