Encapsulation of Essential Oils via Nanoprecipitation Process: Overview, Progress, Challenges and Prospects

Essential oils are of paramount importance in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, agricultural, and food areas thanks to their crucial properties. However, stability and bioactivity determine the effectiveness of essential oils. Polymeric nanoencapsulation is a well-established approach for the preservation of essential oils. It offers a plethora of benefits, including improved water solubility, effective protection against degradation, prevention of volatile components evaporation and controlled and targeted release. Among the several techniques used for the design of polymeric nanoparticles, nanoprecipitation has attracted great attention. This review focuses on the most outstanding contributions of nanotechnology in essential oils encapsulation via nanoprecipitation method. We emphasize the chemical composition of essential oils, the principle of polymeric nanoparticle preparation, the physicochemical properties of essential oils loaded nanoparticles and their current applications

Silymarin extraction using gas expanded liquids

Trabajo presentado a la 2nd European Sample Preparation Conference (EuSP), celebrada en Grecia del 14 al 16 de marzo de 2022.Peer reviewe

Plant oils: From chemical composition to encapsulated form use

International audienceThe last decade has witnessed a burgeoning global movement towards essential and vegetable oils in the food, agriculture, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries thanks to their natural and safe status, broad acceptance by consumers, and versatile functional properties. However, efforts to develop new therapy or functional agents based on plant oils have met with challenges of limited stability and/or reduced efficacy. As a result, there has been increased research interest in the encapsulation of plant oils, whereby the nanocarriers serve as barrier between plant oils and the environment and control oil release leading to improved efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhanced patient compliance and convenience. In this review, special concern has been addressed to the encapsulation of essential and vegetable oils in three types of nanocarriers: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. First, the chemical composition of essential and vegetable oils was handled. Moreover, we gather together the research findings reported by the literature regarding the different techniques used to generate these nanocarriers with their significant findings. Finally, differences and similarities between these nanocarriers are discussed, along with current and future applications that are warranted by their structures and properties

Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction and in vitro neuroprotective evaluation of Ammodaucus ieucotrichus. Untargeted metabolomics analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS

This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical Methods for Characterization and Isolation of Natural Products.Ammodaucus leucotrichus is a spontaneous plant endemic of the North African region. An efficient selective pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was optimized to concentrate neuroprotective extracts from A. leucotrichus fruits. Green solvents were tested, namely ethanol and water, within a range of temperatures between 40 to 180 °C. Total carbohydrates and total phenolics were measured in extracts, as well as in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical scavenging), anticholinesterase (AChE) and anti-inflammatory (LOX) activities. Metabolite profiling was carried out by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-q-TOF-MS/MS), identifying 94 compounds. Multivariate analysis was performed to correlate composition with bioactivity. A remarkable effect of the temperature using water was observed: the higher temperature, the higher extraction yield, the higher total phenolic content, as well as the higher total carbohydrates content. The water extract obtained at 180 °C, 10.34 MPa and 10 min showed meaningful anti-inflammatory (IC50LOX = 39.4 µg/mL) and neuroprotective activities (IC50AChE = 55.6 µg/mL). The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the cluster analysis correlated these activities with the presence of carbohydrates and phenolic compounds.This work has been funded by the project AGL2017-89417-R and (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation).Peer reviewe

Extraction of bioactives compounds from Silybum marianum using gas expanded liquid extraction

Resumen del póster presentado al 23rd International Symposium on Advances in Extraction Technologies (ExTech), celebrado on-line del 30 de junio al 2 de julio de 2021.For over then 2000 years, Milk thistle has been used as one of the most important medicinal plant as a remedy for liver disease. It has also been reported to have anti-tumor, anti-aging, antidiabetic, cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. In 2019, milk thistle seed products placed in the 10th and 23rd in U.S. natural channel and U.S. mainstream multi‐outlet sales with more than $26 million. The aim of numerous studies has been to improve novel and efficient extraction techniques to produce high-quality extracts respecting the Green Chemistry Concepts. Among them, Gas-Expanded Liquids (GXLs) are the mixture between liquid solvents and pressurized compressible gas such us CO2. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the CO2 –expanded liquids (CXLs) as a new and green promising method for the extraction of bioactives such as Silymarin from Silybum marianum. Extraction solvent consisted on mixtures of CO 2 -Ethanol-water under different conditions, besides kinetic study was evaluated. The best yield reached 55.97% using a ternary mixture of solvents composed by Ethanol:CO2:H2O (60:25:15) at 40C° and 90bar in 160min. Moreover, the extracts obtained have been chemically and functionally characterized. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS (triple quadrupole) and invitro assays such as the anti-inflammatory and anti-cholinergic activities respectively.This work has been funded by the project AGL2017-89417-R (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation).Peer reviewe

Silymarin extraction for Silybum marinuim seeds using pressurized liquid extraction as a green and efficient technology

Resumen del trabajo presentado al Green Chemistry Postgraduate Summer School, celebrado en Venecia (Italia) del 4 al 9 de julio de 2021.Peer reviewe

One-step sustainable extraction of Silymarin compounds of wild Algerian milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds using Gas Expanded Liquids

This work was financially supported by the projects PDC2021-120814-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and by Projects 202170E057 (Bioprospección de plantas endémicas de Argelia mediante tecnologías de extracción sostenibles) and INCGLO0019 (Bioprospección de recursos agrícolas locales, una vía para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible) both funded by CSIC. N. Abderrezag gratefully acknowledges the University of Salah Boubnider Constantine3 (Algeria) for financial support.This work was financially supported by the projects PDC2021-120814-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and by Projects 202170E057 (Bioprospección de plantas endémicas de Argelia mediante tecnologías de extracción sostenibles) and INCGLO0019 (Bioprospección de recursos agrícolas locales, una vía para alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible) both funded by CSIC. N. Abderrezag gratefully acknowledges the University of Salah Boubnider Constantine3 (Algeria) for financial support.Peer reviewe

Bioprospecting neuroprotective extracts from Algerian plants using green compressed fluid extractions

Resumen del póster presentado al 2º Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos/2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos - EIFS), held in Coimbra – Portugal, on 28 February- 2 March 2022.This work has been funded by the projects PID2020-113050RB-I00, PDC2021-120814-I00 and EQC2021-007112-P funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and The European Union Next GenerationEU/ PRTR respectively. N. Abderrezag are grateful to the Salah Boubnider Constantine 3 university, Constantine, Algeria for the fellowship.Peer reviewe

Nanocapsules containing Saussurea lappa essential oil: Formulation, characterization, antidiabetic, anti-cholinesterase and anti-inflammatory potentials

International audiencePlant-based remedies have been widely used for the management of variable diseases due to their safety and less side effects. In the present study, we investigated Saussurea lappa CB. Clarke. (SL) given its largely reported medicinal effects. Specifically, our objective was to provide an insight into a new polymethyl methacrylate based nanocapsules as carriers of SL essential oil and characterize their biologic functions. The nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique, characterized and analyzed for their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer and antidiabetic effects. The results revealed that the developed nanoparticles had a diameter around 145 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.18 and a zeta potential equal to +45 mV and they did not show any cytotoxicity at 25 μg·mL−1. The results also showed an anti-inflammatory activity (reduction in metalloprotease MMP-9 enzyme activity and RNA expression of inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, GM-CSF and IL1β), a high anti-Alzheimer’s effect (IC50 around 25.0 and 14.9 μg·mL−1 against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively), and a strong antidiabetic effect (IC50 were equal to 22.9 and 75.8 μg·mL−1 against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively). Further studies are required including the in vivo studies (e.g., preclinical), the pharmacokinetic properties, the bioavailability and the underlying associated metabolic pathways