6,325 research outputs found
The super-oscillating superlens
We demonstrate a lens that creates a sub-wavelength focal spot beyond the near-field by exploiting the phenomenon of super-oscillation
Design of high quality doped CeO2 solid electrolytes with nanohetero structure
Doped ceria (CeO2) compounds are fluorite related oxides which show oxide ionic conductivity higher than yttria-stabilized zirconia in oxidizing atmosphere. As a consequence of this, a considerable interest has been shown in application of these materials for low (400-650 degrees C) temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this paper, our experimental data about the influence of microstructure at the atomic level on electrochemical properties were reviewed in order to develop high quality doped CeO2 electrolytes in fuel cell applications. Using this data in the present paper, our original idea for a design of nanodomain structure in doped CeO2 electrolytes was suggested. The nanosized powders and dense sintered bodies of M doped CeO2 (M:Sm,Gd,La,Y,Yb, and Dy) compounds were fabricated. Also nanostiructural features in these specimens were introduced for conclusion of relationship between electrolytic properties and domain structure in doped CeO2. It is essential that the electrolytic properties in doped CeO2 solid electrolytes reflect in changes of microstructure even down to the atomic scale. Accordingly, a combined approach of nanostructure fabrication, electrical measurement and structure characterization was required to develop superior quality doped CeO2 electrolytes in the fuel cells
Hertz-level Measurement of the 40Ca+ 4s 2S1/2-3d 2D5/2 Clock Transition Frequency With Respect to the SI Second through GPS
We report a frequency measurement of the clock transition of a single ^40Ca^+
ion trapped and laser cooled in a miniature ring Paul trap with 10^-15 level
uncertainty. In the measurement, we used an optical frequency comb referenced
to a Hydrogen maser, which was calibrated to the SI second through the Global
Positioning System (GPS). Two rounds of measurements were taken in May and June
2011, respectively. The frequency was measured to be 411 042 129 776 393.0(1.6)
Hz with a fractional uncertainty of 3.9{\times}10^-15 in a total averaging time
of > 2{\times}10^6 s within 32 days
Spheres and Prolate and Oblate Ellipsoids from an Analytical Solution of Spontaneous Curvature Fluid Membrane Model
An analytic solution for Helfrich spontaneous curvature membrane model (H.
Naito, M.Okuda and Ou-Yang Zhong-Can, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 48}, 2304 (1993); {\bf
54}, 2816 (1996)), which has a conspicuous feature of representing the circular
biconcave shape, is studied. Results show that the solution in fact describes a
family of shapes, which can be classified as: i) the flat plane (trivial case),
ii) the sphere, iii) the prolate ellipsoid, iv) the capped cylinder, v) the
oblate ellipsoid, vi) the circular biconcave shape, vii) the self-intersecting
inverted circular biconcave shape, and viii) the self-intersecting nodoidlike
cylinder. Among the closed shapes (ii)-(vii), a circular biconcave shape is the
one with the minimum of local curvature energy.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. Phys. Rev. E (to appear in Sept. 1999
Photon bunching in parametric down-conversion with continuous wave excitation
The first direct measurement of photon bunching (g2 correlation function) in
one output arm of a spontaneous-parametric-down-conversion source operated with
a continuous pump laser in the single-photon regime is demonstrated. The result
is in agreement with the statistics of a thermal field of the same coherence
length, and shows the feasibility of investigating photon statistics with
compact cw-pumped sources. Implications for entanglement-based quantum
cryptography are discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, expanded introduction and experimental details
added. Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.
Continuous-Variable Spatial Entanglement for Bright Optical Beams
A light beam is said to be position squeezed if its position can be
determined to an accuracy beyond the standard quantum limit. We identify the
position and momentum observables for bright optical beams and show that
position and momentum entanglement can be generated by interfering two
position, or momentum, squeezed beams on a beam splitter. The position and
momentum measurements of these beams can be performed using a homodyne detector
with local oscillator of an appropriate transverse beam profile. We compare
this form of spatial entanglement with split detection-based spatial
entanglement.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
Quantum interference with photon pairs created in spatially separated sources
We report on a quantum interference experiment to probe the coherence between
two photons coming from non degenerate photon pairs at telecom wavelength
created in spatially separated sources. The two photons are mixed on a beam
splitter and we observe a reduction of up to 84% in the coincidence count rate
when the photons are made indistinguishable. This experiment constitutes an
important step towards the realization of quantum teleportation and
entanglement swapping with independent sources.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, changes according to referee's comments,
discussions partly rewritte
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