On the Role of Pre-trained Language Models in Word Ordering: A Case Study with BART

Word ordering is a constrained language generation task taking unordered words as input. Existing work uses linear models and neural networks for the task, yet pre-trained language models have not been studied in word ordering, let alone why they help. We use BART as an instance and show its effectiveness in the task. To explain why BART helps word ordering, we extend analysis with probing and empirically identify that syntactic dependency knowledge in BART is a reliable explanation. We also report performance gains with BART in the related partial tree linearization task, which readily extends our analysis.Comment: COLING 202

Enhanced Hygrothermal Stability of In-Situ-Grown MAPbBr₃ Nanocrystals in Polymer with Suppressed Desorption of Ligands

Currently, the intrinsic instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) at high temperature and high humidity still stands as a big barrier to hinder their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report the controllable in-situ-grown PNCs in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer with profoundly enhanced hygrothermal stability. It is found that the introduced tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) ligand enables significantly improved binding to the surface of PNCs via a strong covalently coordinated P-O-Pb bond, as evidenced by density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Accordingly, such enhanced binding could not only make efficient passivation of the surface defects of PNCs but also enable the remarkably suppressed desorption of the ligand from the PNCs under high-temperature environments. Consequently, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of the as-fabricated MAPbBr3-PNCs@PVDF film exhibits almost no decay after exposure to air at 333 K over 1800 h. Once the temperatures are increased from 293 to 353 K, their PL intensity can be kept as 88.6% of the initial value, much higher than that without the TDPA ligand (i.e., 42.4%). Moreover, their PL QY can be maintained above 50% over 1560 h (65 days) under harsh working conditions of 333 K and 90% humidity. As a proof of concept, the as-assembled white light-emitting diodes display a large color gamut of 125% National Television System Committee standard, suggesting their promising applications in backlight devices.</p

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of indium-tin-oxide treated via oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation

Surface modification was performed on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films by oxygen inductive coupling plasma (O-ICP) and oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O-PIII). The electronic states of ITO surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The observed peak shifts of O 1s, In 3d5/2 and Sn d5/2 core levels showed that the work function of ITO can be further enhanced by O-PIII treatment, compared with that of untreated and O-ICP treated surfaces. The deconvolution of O 1s spectrum and calculation of stoichiometry showed that the work function improvement should be attributed to the increase of effective oxygen content, namely, the elimination of oxygen vacancies. In addition, the measurement of Kelvin probe confirmed that an increment of the ITO work function by 1.1 eV was obtained on O-PIII treated sample and the results sustained our proposal