4,244 research outputs found
Comparisons and Applications of Four Independent Numerical Approaches for Linear Gyrokinetic Drift Modes
To help reveal the complete picture of linear kinetic drift modes, four
independent numerical approaches, based on integral equation, Euler initial
value simulation, Euler matrix eigenvalue solution and Lagrangian particle
simulation, respectively, are used to solve the linear gyrokinetic
electrostatic drift modes equation in Z-pinch with slab simplification and in
tokamak with ballooning space coordinate. We identify that these approaches can
yield the same solution with the difference smaller than 1\%, and the
discrepancies mainly come from the numerical convergence, which is the first
detailed benchmark of four independent numerical approaches for gyrokinetic
linear drift modes. Using these approaches, we find that the entropy mode and
interchange mode are on the same branch in Z-pinch, and the entropy mode can
have both electron and ion branches. And, at strong gradient, more than one
eigenstate of the ion temperature gradient mode (ITG) can be unstable and the
most unstable one can be on non-ground eigenstates. The propagation of ITGs
from ion to electron diamagnetic direction at strong gradient is also observed,
which implies that the propagation direction is not a decisive criterion for
the experimental diagnosis of turbulent mode at the edge plasmas.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, accept by Physics of Plasma
An experimental investigation of criteria for continuous variable entanglement
We generate a pair of entangled beams from the interference of two amplitude
squeezed beams. The entanglement is quantified in terms of EPR-paradox [Reid88]
and inseparability [Duan00] criteria, with observed results of and , respectively. Both results clearly beat the standard quantum
limit of unity. We experimentally analyze the effect of decoherence on each
criterion and demonstrate qualitative differences. We also characterize the
number of required and excess photons present in the entangled beams and
provide contour plots of the efficacy of quantum information protocols in terms
of these variables.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Primary role of the barely occupied states in the charge density wave formation of NbSe2
NbSe2 is a prototypical charge-density-wave (CDW) material, whose mechanism
remains mysterious so far. With angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we
mapped out the CDW gap and recovered the long-lost nesting condition over a
large broken-honeycomb region in the Brillouin zone, which consists of six
saddle band point regions with high density of states (DOS), and large regions
away from Fermi surface with negligible DOS at the Fermi energy. We show that
the major contributions to the CDW come from these barely occupied states
rather than the saddle band points. Our findings not only resolve a long
standing puzzle, but also overthrow the conventional wisdom that CDW is
dominated by regions with high DOS.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Numerical observation of non-axisymmetric vesicles in fluid membranes
By means of Surface Evolver (Exp. Math,1,141 1992), a software package of
brute-force energy minimization over a triangulated surface developed by the
geometry center of University of Minnesota, we have numerically searched the
non-axisymmetric shapes under the Helfrich spontaneous curvature (SC) energy
model. We show for the first time there are abundant mechanically stable
non-axisymmetric vesicles in SC model, including regular ones with intrinsic
geometric symmetry and complex irregular ones. We report in this paper several
interesting shapes including a corniculate shape with six corns, a
quadri-concave shape, a shape resembling sickle cells, and a shape resembling
acanthocytes. As far as we know, these shapes have not been theoretically
obtained by any curvature model before. In addition, the role of the
spontaneous curvature in the formation of irregular crenated vesicles has been
studied. The results shows a positive spontaneous curvature may be a necessary
condition to keep an irregular crenated shape being mechanically stable.Comment: RevTex, 14 pages. A hard copy of 8 figures is available on reques
Evolution of the Electronic Structure of 1T-CuxTiSe2
The electronic structure of a new charge-density-wave/ superconductor system,
1T-CuxTiSe2, has been studied by photoemission spectroscopy. A correlated
semiconductor band structure is revealed for the undoped case. With Cu doping,
the charge density wave is suppressed by the raising of the chemical potential,
while the superconductivity is enhanced by the enhancement of the density of
states. Moreover, the strong scattering at high doping might be responsible for
the suppression of superconductivity in that regime.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
De Broglie Wavelength of a Nonlocal Four-Photon
Superposition is one of the most distinct features of quantum theory and has
been demonstrated in numerous realizations of Young's classical double-slit
interference experiment and its analogues. However, quantum entanglement - a
significant coherent superposition in multiparticle systems - yields phenomena
that are much richer and more interesting than anything that can be seen in a
one-particle system. Among them, one important type of multi-particle
experiments uses path-entangled number-states, which exhibit pure higher-order
interference and allow novel applications in metrology and imaging such as
quantum interferometry and spectroscopy with phase sensitivity at the
Heisenberg limit or quantum lithography beyond the classical diffraction limit.
Up to now, in optical implementations of such schemes lower-order interference
effects would always decrease the overall performance at higher particle
numbers. They have thus been limited to two photons. We overcome this
limitation and demonstrate a linear-optics-based four-photon interferometer.
Observation of a four-particle mode-entangled state is confirmed by
interference fringes with a periodicity of one quarter of the single-photon
wavelength. This scheme can readily be extended to arbitrary photon numbers and
thus represents an important step towards realizable applications with
entanglement-enhanced performance.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, submitted on November 18, 200
Demonstration of Controllable Temporal Distinguishability in a Three-Photon State
Multi-photon interference is at the heart of the recently proposed linear
optical quantum computing scheme and plays an essential role in many protocols
in quantum information. Indistinguishability is what leads to the effect of
quantum interference. Optical interferometers such as Michaelson interferometer
provide a measure for second-order coherence at one-photon level and
Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer was widely employed to describe two-photon
entanglement and indistinguishability. However, there is not an effective way
for a system of more than two photons. Recently, a new interferometric scheme
was proposed to quantify the degree of multi-photon distinguishability. Here we
report an experiment to implement the scheme for three-photon case. We are able
to generate three photons with different degrees of temporal distinguishability
and demonstrate how to characterize them by the visibility of three-photon
interference. This method of quantitative description of multi-photon
indistinguishability will have practical implications in the implementation of
quantum information protocols
Comment on ``Manipulating the frequency entangled states by an acoutic-optical modulator''
A recent theoretical paper [1] proposes a scheme for entanglement swapping
utilizing acousto-optic modulators without requiring a Bell-state measurement.
In this comment, we show that the proposal is flawed and no entanglement
swapping can occur without measurement.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures submitted to Phys. Rev
Quantum teleportation of light beams
We experimentally demonstrate quantum teleportation for continuous variables
using squeezed-state entanglement. The teleportation fidelity for a real
experimental system is calculated explicitly, including relevant imperfection
factors such as propagation losses, detection inefficiencies and phase
fluctuations. The inferred fidelity for input coherent states is F = 0.61 +-
0.02, which when corrected for the efficiency of detection by the output
observer, gives a fidelity of 0.62. By contrast, the projected result based on
the independently measured entanglement and efficiencies is 0.69. The
teleportation protocol is explained in detail, including a discussion of
discrepancy between experiment and theory, as well as of the limitations of the
current apparatus.Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures, submitted to PR
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