Large herbivore mammals and crocodiles from the Eppelsheim Formation and their biostratigraphy.

<p>Note that <i>Zygolophodon turicensis, Anisodon grande,</i> and <i>Palaeomeryx eminens</i> occurred throughout the Middle Miocene, <i>Tetralophodon longirostris</i> and <i>Dorcatherium naui</i> in the late Middle and early Late Miocene.</p

Stratigraphic distribution of Miocene Cervidae (excluding <i>Lagomeryx</i>) in Central Europe.

<p>Cervid species documented from the Eppelsheim Formation <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036817#pone.0036817-Haupt1" target="_blank">[17]</a> are shown in bold. Yellow to orange shaded areas display stratigraphic distribution of <i>Deinotherium</i> species. Reference to all localities can be found in supplementary <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0036817#pone.0036817.s002" target="_blank">Table S2</a>.</p

Selected climate parameters reconstructed with the CoA based on the Sprendlingen flora.

<p>Mean annual temperature (MAT), temperature of the warmest month (WMMT), temperature of the coldest month (CMMT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), precipitation of the wettest month (P_wet), precipitation of the driest month (P_dry), precipitation of the warmest month (P_warm).</p

Faunal list of Sprendlingen 1 (after Wagner 1947) and Sprendlingen 2 (this study).

<p>The approximate number of individuals (Sprendlingen 1) and specimens (Sprendlingen 2) is given in brackets.</p

Photo images of antlers from Sprendlingen 2.

<p>Photos of SSN 12SP2 and 12SP3 by W. Gerber, photo of NHMM P3712 by M. Aiglstorfer (both Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen).</p

Displacement of the RM₁.

<p>Displacement at a point (Q), randomly selected in the occlusal surface of the RM₁, during the non-linear dynamic FE crash colliding test. Note that the x-axis corresponds to the mesiodistal direction, the y-axis to the buccolingual direction and the z-axis to the crown-root direction.</p

Occlusal view of the oriented lower right first molar (RM₁).

<p>The tooth is aligned with the cervical plane parallel to the xy-plane of the Cartesian coordinate system, and the mesial side parallel to the y-axis. B = buccal; D = distal; L = lingual; M = mesial.</p

Density of tissues (ρ) and speed of sound (Vsound).

<p>Density of tissues (ρ) and speed of sound (Vsound).</p

Drawings of cervid antlers from Sprendlingen 2 with dimensions measured.

<p>Drawings of cervid antlers from Sprendlingen 2 with dimensions measured.</p

Elastic properties of isotropic materials.

<p>Elastic properties of isotropic materials.</p