22 research outputs found
BrÀuchler, Birgit (ed.) (2009), Reconciling Indonesia. Grassroots Agency for Peace, London/ New York: Routledge, ISBN-13: 978-0415487047, 272 pages
The fortunate ones and the ones still waiting: reparations for war victims in Sierra Leone
Eine ethnografische Untersuchung zur Bedeutung von Humor und Lachen in der akutstationÀren Pflege und Betreuung chronisch kranker Kinder
Hintergrund: Der Einfluss von Humor und Lachen auf Physis und Psyche des Menschen wurde von medizinischer und psychologischer Forschung sehr umfassend beforscht. Auch fĂŒr
die Pflege existiert bereits ein Konzept zu Humor, welches unter Anderem fĂŒr verschiedene Zielgruppen mögliche Humorinterventionen beschreibt. Der Schwerpunkt in Forschungen mit Kindern zu Humor liegt dabei etwa in der Erleichterung des Informierens von Eltern oder in
Erwartungen von Kindern an Pflegende, welche auch Sinn fĂŒr Humor haben sollten. Weil aber im deutschsprachigen Raum keine Forschungen fĂŒr den Bereich der akutstationĂ€ren Pflege und Betreuung chronisch kranker Kinder existieren, stellte sich die Frage, ob und wie Humor und Lachen auĂerhalb des Arbeitsbereiches der Klinik Clowns von Kinderkrankenpflegenden genutzt wird. Besonders Kinder mit chronischen Erkrankungen leiden unter verschiedensten
Belastungen, welche zu einer existentiellen Krise werden können.
Ziele & Methoden: Die Auseinandersetzung mit geeigneten BewĂ€ltigungsformen ist essentiell, wobei die Rolle von Humor und Lachen dafĂŒr geklĂ€rt werden muss. Um die
Bedeutung zu klÀren, welche Pflegende und Kinder Humor und Lachen beimessen, erfolgte mit besagten Personen eine zweimonatige qualitative Untersuchung. Geforscht wurde nach
Spradleyâs Methode der/des ethnografischen/s Beobachtung sowie Interviews. Erhobenen Daten wurden zusammen mit zusĂ€tzlichem Datenmaterial trianguliert und nach der âDomain
Analysisâ ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Wesentliche Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass neben anderen essentiellen GrundbedĂŒrfnissen chronisch kranke Kinder auch das BedĂŒrfnis nach Lachen und
Spielen haben. Ob dieses GrundbedĂŒrfnis befriedigt ist, zeigt sich hauptsĂ€chlich in der kindlichen Fröhlichkeit, welche von diversen Faktoren abhĂ€ngig ist. Pflegende haben aber die Möglichkeit, durch ihr Handeln mit dem Kind durch einen Beziehungsaufbau Voraussetzungen fĂŒr Humor und Lachen zu schaffen. Sie können ihn meistens so in die Beziehung integrieren, sodass dieser fruchten kann. Kinder stimmten mit diesen EinschĂ€tzungen ĂŒberein und Ă€uĂerten weitere WĂŒnsche, wie nach Personen zur Ansprache mit mehr Zeit. Wenn dadurch PatientInnen besser gekannt werden, entsteht mehr NĂ€he und humorvolle Kommunikation tritt nicht nur spontan sondern auch gezielt auf. Es gibt den Pflegenden die Möglichkeit, die Interessen der PatientInnen persönlich anzusprechen. Alle Befragten erklĂ€rten als
ProfessionalitÀtskriterium im Einsatz von Humor das Kennen der Grenzen und das Unterlassen von Humor.
Schlussfolgerungen: Humor fand in der Kinderkrankenpflege im untersuchten Setting zwar teilweise gezielt statt. Dennoch ist eine bewusste Auseinandersetzung mit dem
Stellenwert von humorvollem Umgang als professionelles Handeln noch kaum vorhanden.
Deswegen mĂŒssten Inhalte dazu bereits mit in die Ausbildung genommen werden oder im Leitbild von KinderspitĂ€lern verankert werden.Context: The influence of humor and laughter on the human body and mind has been
extensively researched, medically as well as psychologically. In the field of nursery a concept of
humor exists as well. This concept describes, for instance, potential humor inventions for
different target groups.
As far as the research with children in the field of humor is concerned, two major aspects are
emphasized. Firstly, the facilitation of informing the parents and secondly childrenâs
expectations towards nurses ânamely, nurses should have a sense of humor. In the Germanspeaking
area no research exists in the field of acute inpatient care and care of chronically ill
children. Consequently, the question arose whether and how humor and laughter outside the
working area of Clinic Clowns is used by pediatric nurses. Particularly children with chronic
diseases suffer from varied stresses, which can cause an existential crisis.
Aim & Methods: The discussion of appropriate coping strategies is crucial. However,
the role of humor and laughter for this has to be clarified first. In order to clarify the meaning
that nurses and children ascribe to humor and laughter, a two-month qualitative study was
carried out. This research was based on Spradley's method of ethnographic interviewing and
observation. Collected as well as additional data were triangulated and analyzed according to
"Domain Analysis".
Results: Key findings of the study show that in addition to other essential basic needs
of chronically ill children, the need to laugh and play exists and should not be neglected.
Whether this basic need is met, is mainly reflected in the child's happiness, which depends on
various factors. Through their actions and the resulting relationship building, nurses have the
possibility to create a basis for humor and laughter. Across the board, children formulated the
assumption that if humor and laughter was integrated in the nurse- child communication, this
would improve their relationship. In addition, they expressed other desires, such as their wish
to be looked after by persons who have more time at their disposal. More time equals a better
developed and more intense relationship. Hence more closeness arises and humorous
interaction takes place more selectively. More time provides nurses with the opportunity to
address the interests of patients personally. In order to keep professionalism when using
humor in hospitals, two important criteria were mentioned by all interviewees: Firstly, being
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aware of boundaries and secondly, refraining from humorous comments when not
appropriate.
Conclusion: In the investigated setting in children health care, the use of humor partly
took place systematically. Nevertheless, a conscious dealing with the importance of humorous
use as professional action is still scarcely present. For this reason, contents concerning
humorous interaction with child patients should be included in the education of future nursing
staff. In addition, such contents should be an important part of children hospitalsâ mission statement
Intermediality in the visualization of peace: contradicting narratives about peace and violence in Timor-Leste
Visuals can be effective tools for educating an audience about peacebuilding and the need to engage with a nation's violent past. However, research on visuality has pointed to the ambivalence visuals can develop through audiencing and the dominant political discourse. Building on this, this article argues that ambivalence can also occur between narratives by different media although the same institution produced them, and that such inherent contradictions can limit the institution's effectiveness. The analysis centers upon a case study of the East Timorese Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR) that compares the commission's documentary dalan ba dame (âroad to peaceâ) with its final report about peace and the human rights violations committed in the territory between 1975 and 1999. While the commission's final report stresses the individual responsibility of members of the Indonesian military and formulates the need for an institution-based liberal peace, the documentary communicates the message that all parties to the conflict are guilty of committing crimes and that peace has already been created, mitigating the need to further engage with the violent past. The analysis identifies the media's different formats and their different agendas as reasons for the creation of these contradicting messages. Based on an assessment of the dissemination of both media and their reception within the political discourse in Timor-Leste, the implications of these conflicting narratives for educating an international audience are discussed. Since the final report is difficult to access due to its length and its legal language, the documentary remains the more accessible medium to educate an international audience about the nation's violent past. However, due to the narrative it conveys, the documentary's ability to mobilize an international audience is limited. Thus, the article argues for considering three aspects when designing visuals for peace education: the intermediality of visuals with other media and its potential effects concerning the communication of a specific message, the reception of the message by the target audience, and the reception of the message by broader audiences when the visual is distributed online
Review: BrÀuchler, Birgit (ed.), Reconciling Indonesia. Grassroots Agency for Peace
Review of the edited volume: BrÀuchler, Birgit (ed.) (2009), Reconciling Indonesia. Grassroots Agency for Peace, London/New York: Routledge, ISBN-13: 978-0415487047, 272 pages
Review: BrÀuchler, Birgit (ed.), Reconciling Indonesia. Grassroots agency for peace
Review of the edited volume: BrÀuchler, Birgit (ed.) (2009), Reconciling Indonesia. Grassroots Agency for Peace, London/New York: Routledge, ISBN-13: 978-0415487047, 272 pages