Self-Configuring and Evolving Fuzzy Image Thresholding

Every segmentation algorithm has parameters that need to be adjusted in order to achieve good results. Evolving fuzzy systems for adjustment of segmentation parameters have been proposed recently (Evolving fuzzy image segmentation -- EFIS [1]. However, similar to any other algorithm, EFIS too suffers from a few limitations when used in practice. As a major drawback, EFIS depends on detection of the object of interest for feature calculation, a task that is highly application-dependent. In this paper, a new version of EFIS is proposed to overcome these limitations. The new EFIS, called self-configuring EFIS (SC-EFIS), uses available training data to auto-configure the parameters that are fixed in EFIS. As well, the proposed SC-EFIS relies on a feature selection process that does not require the detection of a region of interest (ROI).Comment: To appear in proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (IEEE ICMLA 2015), Miami, Florida, USA, 201

Preliminary Testing for Normality: Is This a Good Practice?

Normality is a distributional requirement of classical test statistics. In order for the test statistic to provide valid results leading to sound and reliable conclusions this requirement must be satisfied. In the not too distant past, it was claimed that violations of normality would not likely jeopardize scientific findings (See Hsu & Feldt, 1969; Lunney, 1970). Recent revelations suggest otherwise (See e.g., Micceri, 1989; Keselman, Huberty, Lix et al., 1998; Erceg-Hurn, Wilcox, & Keselman, 2013; Wilcox and Keselman, 2003; Wilcox, 2012a, b). Unfortunately the data obtained in psychological investigations rarely, if ever, meet the requirement of normally distributed data (Micceri, 1989; Wilcox, 2012a, b). Consequently, it could be the case that the results from many of the investigations conducted in psychology provide invalid results. Accordingly, authors recommend that researchers attempt to assess the validity of assuming data are normal in form prior to conducting a test of significance (Erceg-Hurn, et al., 2013; Keselman, et al., 1998). Present evidence suggests that a popular fit-statistic, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test does a poor job of evaluating whether data are normal. Our investigation based on this statistic and other fit-statistics provides a more favorable picture of preliminary testing for normality

Analyzing Group by Time Effects in Longitudinal Two-Group Randomized Trial Designs With Missing Data

We investigated bias, sampling variability, Type I error and power of nine approaches for testing the group by time interaction in a repeated measures design under three types of missing data mechanisms. One procedure due to Overall, Ahn, Shivakumar, and Kalburgi (1999) performed reasonably well over a range of conditions

Tri-band Minkowski Island Patch Antenna with Complementary Split Ring Resonator at the Ground Plane

Abstract—The Minkoski Island patch antenna with complementary split ring resonator at the ground plane are proposed in this work. At the first stage, the normal square patch antennas mainly designed. Then, the Minkowski patch antenna was designed using 1st iteration technique and 2nd iteration technique. The Minkowski fractal shape slot was embedded in the center of the patch to form a Minkowski Island patch antenna. The next step is to apply the partial ground technique and embed the split ring resonator at the ground plane. This antenna was operating in tri-band frequency that is at 2.400 GHz, 3.500 GHz and 5.200 GHz with a return loss of - 11.868 dB, - 13.554 dB and – 18.112 dB respectively. The gain measured of this antenna is 1.286 dB, 1.410 dB and 3.945 dB. Keywords—Minkowski Island, split ring resonator, patch antenna, return loss, gai

RF Front End Receiver for WiMAX Application

This paper presents the design of a high gain, low noise direct conversion Radio frequency(RF) front-end receiver system. The Front end receiver is designed to operate at 5.8 GHz compliant with IEEE 802.16 WIiMAX standard. The system consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA), a radio frequency amplifier (RFA), a power divider and two band pass filters. The overall performance of the RF front-end receiver system produced a gain of 52.4 dB. A cascaded LNA designed for the system produced a high gain of 36.8 dB. The RFA contributed an extra gain 15.6dB. The overall noise figure achieved for the system is 3.7 dB. The return loss achieved is -25.5 dB for the RFA. The radio frequency bandwidth recorded for the system is above 1120 MHz. The measured power divider insertion loss is 2.80 dB. Using microstrip technology for designing the Chebyshev filter, the insertion loss is 3.00 dB and the channel bandwidth recorded is 107 MHz which can accommodate 4 sub channels IEEE WiMAX standard

Damage Characterization of Polypropylene Honeycomb Sandwich Panels Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact

The post-test deformation and failures of sandwich composites may involve complex interactions between various failure mechanisms. In this study, the extent of impact damages and response of the thermoplastic honeycomb sandwich are analysed through energy profile diagrams and associated load history curves. The degree of the postimpact damages of the sandwich is further characterized using an optical surfaces metrology analysis. The thickness of the honeycomb was found to influence the extent of the damage which occurred following the low-velocity impact. Thicker core was able to sustain a higher load as well as the energy absorption before total failure occurred

Trimming, Transforming Statistics, And Bootstrapping: Circumventing the Biasing Effects Of Heterescedasticity And Nonnormality

Researchers can adopt different measures of central tendency and test statistics to examine the effect of a treatment variable across groups (e.g., means, trimmed means, M-estimators, & medians. Recently developed statistics are compared with respect to their ability to control Type I errors when data were nonnormal, heterogeneous, and the design was unbalanced: (1) a preliminary test for symmetry which determines whether data should be trimmed symmetrically or asymmetrically, (2) two different transformations to eliminate skewness, (3) the accuracy of assessing statistical significance with a bootstrap methodology was examined, and (4) statistics that use a robust measure of the typical score that empirically determined whether data should be trimmed, and, if so, in which direction, and by what amount were examined. The 56 procedures considered were remarkably robust to extreme forms of heterogeneity and nonnormality. However, we recommend a number of Welch-James heteroscedastic statistics which are preceded by the Babu, Padmanaban, and Puri (1999) test for symmetry that either symmetrically trimmed 10% of the data per group, or asymmetrically trimmed 20% of the data per group, after which either Johnson\u27s (1978) or Hall\u27s (1992) transformation was applied to the statistic and where significance was assessed through bootstrapping. Close competitors to the best methods were found that did not involve a transformation

Effect of Single Complimentary Split Ring Resonator Structure on Microstrip Patch Antenna Design

This paper had been comparing the performance of the normal patch antenna with single complimentary SRR patch antenna. Four different shapes of single complimentary split ring resonator structure had been incorporated into the microstrip patch antenna - square, circular, triangular, and rhombic. This simulation works had been done in CST Microwave Studio simulation software. The operating frequency of this antenna is 2.40 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application.The parameters that considered in these works are return loss,resonant frequency, input impedance, gain, radiation pattern and bandwidth. The focusing parameter is to achieve the best gain performance that obtained from the single complimentary split ring resonator patch antenna. The addition of square SRR onto patch antenna will improve the gain from 6.334 dB to 6.508 dB

Theoretical and experimental study of the orientational ordering in the field-induced intermediaite phase from the SmC*FI2 phase in chiral smectic liquid crystals

Under an electric field, chiral smectic liquid crystals transit usually to the unwound SmC* phase where the helical structure is completely unrolled. Sometimes the sample transits initially towards an intermediate polar state before the total destruction of the helix. Based on the extension of the H-T model, a theoretical study of these field-induced phase transitions was carried out. Two hypotheses of the dynamics that give rise to the appearance of the intermediate phase have been discussed. The results of a numerical analysis confirm the known experimental results; the intermediate phase has a three-layer periodicity structure

Design Minkowski Shaped Patch Antenna with Rectangular Parasitic Patch Elements for 5.8 GHz Applications

Abstract—This paper presents the parametric study on the Minkowski shaped antenna with the rectangular parasitic patch elements. This patch antenna consists four parts – patch, feed line, ground plane and parasitic elements. The rectangular parasitic patch elements are located at the bottom of the Minkowski shaped patch. The parametric study of different patch sizes (Design 2A, Design 2B, Design 2C, Design 2D and Design 2E) is presented in this paper. The antenna parameters studied in this paper are resonant frequencies, return loss at the resonant frequency, bandwidth and realized gain. The target frequency of this antenna is 5.80 GHz for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) application. It shows the return loss of – 24.477 dB, bandwidth of 254 MHz (5.676 GHz to 5.930 GHz) and a gain of 2.351 dB. Index Terms—Minkowski; patch antenna; gain; return loss; bandwidt