Historical relationships of the Mexican cloud forests: a preliminary vicariance model applying Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity to vascular plant taxa

Abstract Mexican cloud forests, situated between 600 and 3000 m of elevation, exhibit a remarkable high biotic diversity. They follow a fragmented pattern, similar to that of an archipelago, that makes them suitable to vicariance modelling. A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) was applied to the presence/absence of 1267 species of vascular plants (gymnosperms, angiosperms, and pteridophytes) from twenty-four patches of Mexican cloud forests, in order to postulate a preliminary hypothesis of relationships. The single cladogram obtained grouped the twenty-four cloud forests into five clades. These results indicate that the Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur, and Serranías Meridionales floristic provinces do not represent natural units. A preliminary vicariance model is presented to explain the sequence of fragmentation of the Mexican cloud forests

La familia Podocarpaceae en el estado de Hidalgo, México

Una especie de Podocarpaceae, Podocarpus reichei, se registra para el estado de Hidalgo. Se incluye la descripción del género y la especie, datos de distribución geográfi ca y hábitat en el estado y se citan los ejemplares de herbario examinados. Dentro del estado, la especie se distribuye únicamente en la provincia biogeográfi ca de la Sierra Madre Oriental

Florística del bosque mesófilo de montaña de Monte Grande, Lolotla, Hidalgo, México Floristics of the cloud forest of Monte Grande, Lolotla, Hidalgo, Mexico

Se presenta un estudio florístico del bosque mesófilo de montaña del municipio de Lolotla, localizado al noreste del estado de Hidalgo. El área está enclavada en la Sierra Madre Oriental, dentro de la región de la Huasteca hidalguense. Se ofrece un listado florístico de las plantas vasculares, compuesto por 103 familias, 260 géneros, 359 especies y 11 taxa subespecíficos. En este bosque hay 11 especies que están en alguna categoría de riesgo dentro de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-050-ECOL-2001 y se sugiere el estudio de dos más para su posible inclusión.A floristic inventory of the cloud forest of the municipality of Lolotla, in the state of Hidalgo was undertaken; this area is located in the Sierra Madre Oriental and is part of the Huasteca Hidalguense region. A floristic checklist of vascular plants composed by 103 families, 260 genera, 359 species and 11 subspecific taxa was obtained. Eleven species represented in this forest are included in the official Mexican document named Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-050-ECOL-2001, as species in some risk category and we suggest the study of two additional species for their possible inclusion

Florística del bosque mesófi lo de montaña de Monte Grande, Lolotla, Hidalgo, México

A fl oristic inventory of the cloud forest of the municipality of Lolotla, in the state of Hidalgo was undertaken; this area is located in the Sierra Madre Oriental and is part of the Huasteca Hidalguense region. A fl oristic checklist of vascular plants composed by 103 families, 260 genera, 359 species and 11 subspecifi c taxa was obtained. Eleven species represented in this forest are included in the offi cial Mexican document named Norma Ofi cial Mexicana NOM- 050-ECOL-2001, as species in some risk category and we suggest the study of two additional species for their possible inclusion.Se presenta un estudio fl orístico del bosque mesófi lo de montaña del municipio de Lolotla, localizado al noreste del estado de Hidalgo. El área está enclavada en la Sierra Madre Oriental, dentro de la región de la Huasteca hidalguense. Se ofrece un listado fl orístico de las plantas vasculares, compuesto por 103 familias, 260 géneros, 359 especies y 11 taxa subespecífi cos. En este bosque hay 11 especies que están en alguna categoría de riesgo dentro de la Norma Ofi cial Mexicana NOM-050-ECOL-2001 y se sugiere el estudio de dos más para su posible inclusión

Leaf Vein Morphological Variation in Four Endangered Neotropical <i>Magnolia</i> Species along an Elevation Gradient in the Mexican Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

Climatic variations influence the adaptive capacity of trees within tropical montane cloud forests species. Phenology studies have dominated current studies on tree species. Leaf vein morphology has been related to specific climatic oscillations and varies within species along altitudinal gradients. We tested that certain Neotropical broad leaf Magnolia species might be more vulnerable to leaf vein adaptation to moisture than others, as they would be more resilient to the hydric deficit. We assessed that leaf vein trait variations (vein density, primary vein size, vein length, and leaf base angle) among four Magnolia species (Magnolia nuevoleonensis, M. alejandrae, M. rzedowskiana, and Magnolia vovidesii) through the Mexican Tropical montane cloud forest with different elevation gradient and specific climatic factors. The temperature, precipitation, and potential evaporation differed significantly among Magnolia species. We detected that M. rzedowskiana and M. vovidesii with longer leaves at higher altitude sites are adapted to higher humidity conditions, and that M. nuevoleonensis and M. alejandrae inhabiting lower altitude sites are better adjusted to the hydric deficit. Our results advance efforts to identify the Magnolia species most vulnerable to climate change effects, which must focus priorities for conservation of this ecosystem, particularly in the Mexican tropical montane cloud forests

Threatened Trees Characteristic of Mexican Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

In this study, we document the distribution, current knowledge, and conservation of twenty-six tree species of gymnosperms (four species) and angiosperms (twenty-two species) characteristic of the Mexican cloud forests and most endemic to Mexico. Many species are threatened and included in international and national Red Data List, such as the IUCN, and the Mexican Official Norm (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010). Distribution maps of these 26 species were generated based on information from herbarium specimens, specialized literature, web databases, and our own field surveys. All records were displayed on a map of the Mexican territory divided into grid cells of 15 × 20 min of latitude/longitude (a spatial resolution of approximately 27.75 km × 36.75 km) to obtain the richness patterns. Additionally, these records were displayed on the map of the current Mexican System of Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) to evaluate their representativeness in these areas of in situ conservation. We also include information on populations and the habitat status of these tree species in some Mexican locations. Most species studied here require particular policies for their conservation due to the problems affecting their natural populations and habitat. Our results indicate that three species are not represented in the Mexican System of NPAs and that some are underrepresented