Means of the answers to the question “Who do you think multitasks more?”.

<p><i>Legend</i>. Possible answers were “Men” (recoded as -1), “Same” (recoded as 0) and “Women” (recoded as 1). Thus, a positive value reflects that participants think women multitask more. Results of one-sample t-tests testing whether the mean rating differed significantly from a rating of 0 (“same”) are shown as asterisks:</p><p>* p < .05;</p><p>** p < .01;</p><p>*** p < .001.</p><p>Effects were not modulated by age, children, education, or relationship status.</p><p>Means of the answers to the question “Who do you think multitasks more?”.</p

Means of the rated size of the gender differences as assessed by the question “How large do you think the [gender] difference is?”.

<p>Scale ranged from 0 (“very little”) to 4 (“significant”). In total (category ALL) 238 participants (136 females; 102 males) answered this question. Results of one-sample t-tests testing whether the mean rating differed significantly from a rating of 1 (“Little difference”) are shown as asterisks above each bar (* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001). Error bars denote SEM.</p

Summarized answers to the open comment question “Why do you think they are better?”.

<p><i>Notes</i>. Percentages rounded; Percentages relative to number of participants (208) and not to sum of statements (i.e., percentages add up to > 100%).</p><p>Summarized answers to the open comment question “Why do you think they are better?”.</p

Means of the answers to the question “How far do you agree with the following being examples of multitasking?”.

<p>Possible answers ranged from “Strongly disagree” (recoded as -3) to “Strongly agree” (recoded as +3). SEM = standard error of the mean.</p

Proportion (in percent, %) of participants choosing women in response to the question “Who do you think is better at multitasking?”.

<p><i>Legend</i>. Dichotomic scale with Men and Women as answer options (therefore, the proportion of participants who chose Men can be calculated by 100-%Women). This question was only presented to participants who believe in gender differences (Question 3).</p><p><i>Notes</i>. Please note that “Overall” is the percentage of participants choosing women across the whole sample of male and female participants. Since the numbers of males and females are usually not the same, “Overall” is not just the mean of the “Female” and “Male” columns, but a weighted average. Because the US sample is too small for this question (N = 11; 10f/1m), no tests were calculated.</p><p>Proportion (in percent, %) of participants choosing women in response to the question “Who do you think is better at multitasking?”.</p

Proportion “Yes”-responses (in percent, %) in response to the question “Do you think there are gender differences in multitasking?”.

<p><i>Notes</i>. “Overall Ratings” = mean of all respondents (i.e., an average of Female and Male ratings weighted by male and female sample sizes). “Lower bound CI” = Lower bound of the 95% confidence interval. It reflects the maximum value below the observed percentage which shows a significant difference (p < .05; determined using X² tests). For instance, 57% of All participants believe in gender differences, which is significantly more than 52%. <b>Y</b> = Younger participants (35 years or younger). <b>O</b> = Older participants (36 years or older).</p><p>Dichotomic scale with Yes and No as answer options.</p

Proportion (in percent, %) of participants answering “Yes” in response to the question “Do you think women are better due to childcare? For example having to attend to children’s needs as well as other household tasks.”.

<p>Dichotomic scale with Yes and No as answer options. In total (category ‘All’) 199 participants (136 females; 63 males) answered this question. Because the Netherlands’ sample showed a very strong and opposite pattern as compared to all other samples, we present a further category which subsumes all participants across all countries except for the Netherlands sample (“All (without Netherlands)”). Results of χ² tests testing for gender differences are shown above each pair of bars of a country (* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001). Error bars denote standard error.</p

Means of the answers to the question “What do you think, how much multitasking is required in the following occupations?”.

<p>Possible answers ranged from “Not at all” (recoded as -3) to “A great deal” (recoded as +3). SEM = standard error of the mean.</p

Proportion (in percent, %) of participants answering “Yes” in response to the question “Do you think women are better due to childcare?”.

<p><i>Legend</i>. Dichotomic scale with Yes and No as answer options. Effects were not modulated by age, children, education, or relationship status.</p><p><i>Notes</i>. “Overall Ratings” = mean of all respondents (i.e., an average of Female and Male ratings weighted by male and female sample sizes).</p><p>Proportion (in percent, %) of participants answering “Yes” in response to the question “Do you think women are better due to childcare?”.</p

Means of the self-rated hours spent multitasking (MT) per day.

<p>In total (category ‘All’) 486 participants (274 females; 212 males) answered this question. Results of independent samples t-tests testing for gender differences are shown above each pair of bars of a country (* p < .05; ** p < .01). Error bars denote SEM.</p