9 research outputs found
Fully 3D Implementation of the End-to-end Deep Image Prior-based PET Image Reconstruction Using Block Iterative Algorithm
Deep image prior (DIP) has recently attracted attention owing to its
unsupervised positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction, which
does not require any prior training dataset. In this paper, we present the
first attempt to implement an end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image
reconstruction method that incorporates a forward-projection model into a loss
function. To implement a practical fully 3D PET image reconstruction, which
could not be performed due to a graphics processing unit memory limitation, we
modify the DIP optimization to block-iteration and sequentially learn an
ordered sequence of block sinograms. Furthermore, the relative difference
penalty (RDP) term was added to the loss function to enhance the quantitative
PET image accuracy. We evaluated our proposed method using Monte Carlo
simulation with [F]FDG PET data of a human brain and a preclinical study
on monkey brain [F]FDG PET data. The proposed method was compared with
the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (EM), maximum-a-posterior EM
with RDP, and hybrid DIP-based PET reconstruction methods. The simulation
results showed that the proposed method improved the PET image quality by
reducing statistical noise and preserved a contrast of brain structures and
inserted tumor compared with other algorithms. In the preclinical experiment,
finer structures and better contrast recovery were obtained by the proposed
method. This indicated that the proposed method can produce high-quality images
without a prior training dataset. Thus, the proposed method is a key enabling
technology for the straightforward and practical implementation of end-to-end
DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure
STROBE statement—Checklist of items that should be included in reports of <i>cross-sectional studies</i>.
STROBE statement—Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies.</p
We have added STROBE-statement and minimal data set to supplemental information.
We have added STROBE-statement and minimal data set to supplemental information.</p
Predicted CFs for local MPOD and MPOV.
PurposeMeasurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) using the autofluorescence spectroscopy yield underestimations of actual values in eyes with cataracts. Previously, we proposed a correction method for this error using deep learning (DL); however, the correction performance was validated through internal cross-validation. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate this approach using an external validation dataset.MethodsMPODs at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, and 2° eccentricities and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) within 9° eccentricity were measured using SPECTRALIS (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 197 (training dataset inherited from our previous study) and 157 eyes (validating dataset) before and after cataract surgery. A DL model was trained to predict the corrected value from the pre-operative value using the training dataset, and we measured the discrepancy between the corrected value and the actual postoperative value. Subsequently, the prediction performance was validated using a validation dataset.ResultsUsing the validation dataset, the mean absolute values of errors for MPOD and MPOV corrected using DL ranged from 8.2 to 12.4%, which were lower than values with no correction (P ConclusionThe usefulness of the DL correction method was validated. Deep learning reduced the error for a relatively good autofluorescence image quality. Poor-quality images were not corrected.</div
Local MPOD and MPOV before and after surgery.
PurposeMeasurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) using the autofluorescence spectroscopy yield underestimations of actual values in eyes with cataracts. Previously, we proposed a correction method for this error using deep learning (DL); however, the correction performance was validated through internal cross-validation. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate this approach using an external validation dataset.MethodsMPODs at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, and 2° eccentricities and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) within 9° eccentricity were measured using SPECTRALIS (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 197 (training dataset inherited from our previous study) and 157 eyes (validating dataset) before and after cataract surgery. A DL model was trained to predict the corrected value from the pre-operative value using the training dataset, and we measured the discrepancy between the corrected value and the actual postoperative value. Subsequently, the prediction performance was validated using a validation dataset.ResultsUsing the validation dataset, the mean absolute values of errors for MPOD and MPOV corrected using DL ranged from 8.2 to 12.4%, which were lower than values with no correction (P ConclusionThe usefulness of the DL correction method was validated. Deep learning reduced the error for a relatively good autofluorescence image quality. Poor-quality images were not corrected.</div
Absolute values of error of MPOD and MPOV corrected using modified DL depending on the quality of autofluorescence image.
Absolute values of error of MPOD and MPOV corrected using modified DL depending on the quality of autofluorescence image.</p
Demographics of the validation dataset.
PurposeMeasurements of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) using the autofluorescence spectroscopy yield underestimations of actual values in eyes with cataracts. Previously, we proposed a correction method for this error using deep learning (DL); however, the correction performance was validated through internal cross-validation. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate this approach using an external validation dataset.MethodsMPODs at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, and 2° eccentricities and macular pigment optical volume (MPOV) within 9° eccentricity were measured using SPECTRALIS (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 197 (training dataset inherited from our previous study) and 157 eyes (validating dataset) before and after cataract surgery. A DL model was trained to predict the corrected value from the pre-operative value using the training dataset, and we measured the discrepancy between the corrected value and the actual postoperative value. Subsequently, the prediction performance was validated using a validation dataset.ResultsUsing the validation dataset, the mean absolute values of errors for MPOD and MPOV corrected using DL ranged from 8.2 to 12.4%, which were lower than values with no correction (P ConclusionThe usefulness of the DL correction method was validated. Deep learning reduced the error for a relatively good autofluorescence image quality. Poor-quality images were not corrected.</div
Absolute values of error of MPOD and MPOV with no correction and with correction using DL.
Absolute values of error of MPOD and MPOV with no correction and with correction using DL.</p