A Neighbourhood-Aware Differential Privacy Mechanism for Static Word Embeddings

We propose a Neighbourhood-Aware Differential Privacy (NADP) mechanism considering the neighbourhood of a word in a pretrained static word embedding space to determine the minimal amount of noise required to guarantee a specified privacy level. We first construct a nearest neighbour graph over the words using their embeddings, and factorise it into a set of connected components (i.e. neighbourhoods). We then separately apply different levels of Gaussian noise to the words in each neighbourhood, determined by the set of words in that neighbourhood. Experiments show that our proposed NADP mechanism consistently outperforms multiple previously proposed DP mechanisms such as Laplacian, Gaussian, and Mahalanobis in multiple downstream tasks, while guaranteeing higher levels of privacy.Comment: Accepted to IJCNLP-AACL 202

Concluding remarks: current and next generation MOFs

This paper describes the content of my “Concluding remarks” talk at the Faraday Discussion meeting on “MOFs for energy and the environment” (online, 23–25 June 2021). The panel consisted of sessions on the design of MOFs and MOF hybrids (synthetic chemistry), their applications (e.g., capture, storage, separation, electrical devices, photocatalysis), advanced characterization (e.g., transmission electron microscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance), theory and modeling, and commercialization. MOF chemistry is undergoing a significant evolution from simply network chemistry to the chemistry of synergistic integration with heterogeneous materials involving other disciplines (we call this the fourth generation type). As reflected in the papers of the invited speakers and discussions with the participants, the present and future of this field will be described in detail

Guest‐selective gate‐opening by pore engineering of two‐dimensional Kagomè lattice porous coordination polymers

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) with pore decoration have been used as materials for excellent storage and separation functions. The cooperative properties of flexible PCPs can be utilized to achieve the separation of mixtures of gaseous molecules having highly similar properties. The key to efficient molecular recognition and separation lies in increasing the degrees of freedom of the structure without sacrificing the stability of the system. However, the mechanism study of such behavior is still scarce in the literature. Here, we focused on PCPs with two-dimensional Kagomè lattice structures and functionalized the pores with various alkoxy pendant groups; this facilitated systematic tuning of the pore aperture size, the interlayer spacing, as well as the interactions between the host and adsorbed molecules. The combination of characterization techniques allowed us to observe a unique deformation of the lattice upon gas sorption, allowing the separation of gas molecules with similar physicochemical properties, such as propane and propylene

Structural‐Deformation‐Energy‐Modulation Strategy in a Soft Porous Coordination Polymer with an Interpenetrated Framework

German version: https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202003186To achieve unique molecular‐recognition patterns, a rational control of the flexibility of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) is highly sought, but it remains elusive. From a thermodynamic perspective, the competitive relationship between the structural deformation energy (Edef) of soft PCPs and the guest interaction is key for selective a guest‐triggered structural‐transformation behavior. Therefore, it is vital to investigate and control Edef to regulate this competition for flexibility control. Driven by these theoretical insights, we demonstrate an Edef‐modulation strategy via encoding inter‐framework hydrogen bonds into a soft PCP with an interpenetrated structure. As a proof of this concept, the enhanced Edef of PCP enables a selective gate‐opening behavior toward CHCl₃ over CH₂Cl₂ by changing the adsorption‐energy landscape of the compounds. This study provides a new direction for the design of functional soft porous materials

Predictive importance of left ventricular myocardial stiffness for the prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure

SummaryObjectivesThis study was designed to determine the prognostic importance of left ventricular (LV) myocardial stiffness, a hemodynamic index which is closely related to B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).BackgroundWhile elevated BNP, an abnormality of cardiac neurohormones, is known to be an independent marker of death or re-admission, it remains to be clarified whether there is also a strong predictor directly related to cardiac dysfunction.MethodsLV performance variables and stress–strain analyses including diastolic myocardial stiffness constant (Km) were obtained from 37 patients with initial CHF by the combined simultaneous measurement of echocardiographic and hemodynamic data. Survivors were monitored for a mean of 23 months, with the main endpoint being combined death or first re-admission for CHF.ResultsTen patients (27%) were primary endpoint cases. Both Km and plasma BNP levels were higher in the event than in the event-free group. By Cox proportional hazards analysis, Km≥4.0 was identified as the only variable with significant and independently incremental predictive power to affect the primary endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio=7.354, 95% confidence interval 1.379–39.232, p=0.02).ConclusionsIn patients with CHF, increased myocardial stiffness may have greater prognostic significance compared to other conventional predictors. Increased myocardial stiffness may be considered to be an important prognostic factor independent of the loading conditions

Soft corrugated channel with synergistic exclusive discrimination gating for CO₂ recognition in gas mixture

二酸化炭素に対してのみゲートを開いて吸着する フレキシブル多孔性材料を開発. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-08-02.Interactive networks for capturing gas with high selectivity. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-08-02.Developing artificial porous systems with high molecular recognition performance is critical but very challenging to achieve selective uptake of a particular component from a mixture of many similar species, regardless of the size and affinity of these competing species. A porous platform that integrates multiple recognition mechanisms working cooperatively for highly efficient guest identification is desired. Here, we designed a flexible porous coordination polymer (PCP) and realised a corrugated channel system that cooperatively responds to only target gas molecules by taking advantage of its stereochemical shape, location of binding sites, and structural softness. The binding sites and structural deformation act synergistically, exhibiting exclusive discrimination gating (EDG) effect for selective gate-opening adsorption of CO₂ over nine similar gas molecules, including N₂, CH₄, CO, O₂, H₂, Ar, C₂H₆, and even higher-affinity gases such as C₂H₂ and C₂H4. Combining in-situ crystallographic experiments with theoretical studies, it is clear that this unparalleled ability to decipher the CO₂ molecule is achieved through the coordination of framework dynamics, guest diffusion, and interaction energetics. Furthermore, the gas co-adsorption and breakthrough separation performance render the obtained PCP an efficient adsorbent for CO₂ capture from various gas mixtures

Selective sorption of oxygen and nitrous oxide by an electron donor-incorporated flexible coordination network

Incorporating strong electron donor functionality into flexible coordination networks is intriguing for sorption applications due to a built-in mechanism for electron-withdrawing guests. Here we report a 2D flexible porous coordination network, [Ni₂(4, 4′-bipyridine)(VTTF)₂]n(1) (where H₂VTTF = 2, 2′-[1, 2-bis(4-benzoic acid)-1, 2ethanediylidene]bis-1, 3-benzodithiole), which exhibits large structural deformation from the as-synthesized or open phase (1α) into the closed phase (1β) after guest removal, as demonstrated by X-ray and electron diffraction. Interestingly, upon exposure to electron-withdrawing species, 1β reversibly undergoes guest accommodation transitions; 1α⊃O₂ (90 K) and 1α⊃N₂O (185 K). Moreover, the 1β phase showed exclusive O₂ sorption over other gases (N₂, Ar, and CO) at 120 K. The phase transformations between the 1α and 1β phases under these gases were carefully investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction, in-situ spectroscopic studies, and DFT calculations, validating that the unusual sorption was attributed to the combination of flexible frameworks and VTTF (electron-donor) that induces strong interactions with electron-withdrawing species

Benchmark Acetylene Binding Affinity and Separation through Induced Fit in a Flexible Hybrid Ultramicroporous Material

Structural changes at the active site of an enzyme induced by binding to a substrate molecule can result in enhanced activity in biological systems. Herein, we report that the new hybrid ultramicroporous material sql-SIFSIX-bpe-Zn exhibits an induced fit binding mechanism when exposed to acetylene, C₂H₂. The resulting phase change affords exceptionally strong C₂H₂ binding that in turn enables highly selective C₂H₂/C₂H₄ and C₂H₂/CO₂ separation demonstrated by dynamic breakthrough experiments. sql-SIFSIX-bpe-Zn was observed to exhibit at least four phases: as-synthesised (α); activated (β); and C₂H₂ induced phases (β' and γ). sql-SIFSIX-bpe-Zn-β exhibited strong affinity for C₂H₂ at ambient conditions as demonstrated by benchmark isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst ) of 67.5 kJ mol⁻¹ validated through in situ pressure gradient differential scanning calorimetry (PG-DSC). Further, in situ characterisation and DFT calculations provide insight into the mechanism of the C₂H₂ induced fit transformation, binding positions and the nature of host-guest and guest-guest interactions

Impact of hemodialysis on local vessel healing and thrombus formation after drug-eluting stent implantation

AbstractBackgroundAlthough hemodialysis (HD) is a suggested risk factor for stent thrombosis, its contribution to local vessel healing after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is unclear.MethodsA total of 121 patients (152 lesions treated with DES) who underwent 8-month follow-up coronary angiography with optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled, and the findings were compared between patients with and without HD. To match baseline differences, mid-term OCT findings of 42 propensity score-matched lesions (21 non-HD vs. 21 HD) were compared. Effects of HD on the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy were also evaluated by VerifyNow assay (Accumetrics, San Diego, CA, USA).ResultsPatients with HD had a significantly higher rate of thrombus formation than those without (64% vs. 33%, p=0.007), although the baseline parameters and lesion characteristics differed between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HD was associated with an increased risk of thrombus formation (odds ratio 5.991, 95% confidence interval: 1.972–18.199, p=0.002). Even after propensity-matching for patient background and balancing of angiographic and OCT variables, the risk of thrombus formation remained significantly higher in HD patients. The P2Y12-reaction unit was significantly increased after HD (Pre HD: 211±75 vs. Post HD: 262±59, p=0.01), but patients without HD showed no increase during the same elapsed time (221±88 vs. 212±96, p=0.19).ConclusionsHD is a potential risk factor for subclinical thrombus attachment after DES therapy. Systemic problems, such as residual platelet reactivity, associated with HD as well as local vessel features in HD patients might contribute to the increased incidence of thrombus attachment and subsequent onset of thrombotic event after DES implantation