Prevalence of depression and associated clinical and socio-demographic factors in people living with lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Lymphatic filariasis is a chronic, disabling and often disfiguring condition that principally impacts the world's poorest people. In addition to the well-recognised physical disability associated with lymphedema and hydrocele, affected people often experience rejection, stigma and discrimination. The resulting emotional consequences are known to impact on the quality of life and the functioning of the affected individuals. However, the management of this condition has focused on prevention and treatment through mass drug administration, with scant attention paid to the emotional impact of the condition on affected individuals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of depression among individuals with physical disfigurement from lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional 2-stage convenience study was conducted at 5 designated treatment centers across Plateau State, Nigeria. All available and consenting clients with clearly visible physical disfigurement were recruited. A semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem and a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered at the first stage. Those who screened positive (with a PHQ-9 score of five and above) were further interviewed using the Depression module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). RESULTS: Ninety-eight individuals met the criteria and provided consent. Twenty percent of the respondents met criteria for depression, with the following proportions based on severity: Mild (42.1%), Moderate (31.6%) and Severe (26.3%). History of mental illness (OR 40.83, p = 0.008); Median duration of the illness was 17 years (IQR 7.0-30 years) and being unemployed (OR 12.71, p = 0.003) were predictive of depression. High self-esteem was negatively correlated (OR 0.09, p<0.004). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of depression is high among individuals with lymphatic filariasis and depression in sufferers is associated with low self-esteem and low levels of life satisfaction

HOW DOES GOVERNMENT SPENDING SPUR PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, PRIVATE INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN CAPITAL INFLOWS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA?

This study examined the effectiveness of government spending on economic growth in Nigeria through three principal variables: private investment, foreign capital inflows and private consumption using quarterly data covering the period of Q1 2007 to Q2 2020. Data for the study were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study employed impulse response and variance decomposition, dynamic pass-through elasticity and granger causality test with Vector Error Correction Model. The results suggested that a shock in the government spending elicited wide fluctuating from gross domestic product (GDP). The pass-through computation suggested that the short-medium and long-term dynamic elasticity had a positive effect of private consumption expenditure on economic growth. Foreign capital inflows exerted negative elasticity in the entire time horizon while gross capital formation exhibited positive response throughout the chosen time horizon. Finally, the granger causality test suggested that there was causality between the series of government expenditure, gross capital formation and economic growth in Nigeria. The study recommended that when government expenditure is judiciously utilized, it has capacity to spring up other socio-economic activities from the private sector through private investment

Predictors of depression.

<p>Predictors of depression.</p

Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants.

<p>Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants.</p

Prevalence of depression and low self-esteem.

<p>Prevalence of depression and low self-esteem.</p

History of mental illness, economic status, functioning and adequacy of support.

<p>History of mental illness, economic status, functioning and adequacy of support.</p

Severity of depression among respondents.

<p>Severity of depression among respondents.</p

Prevalence of depression and associated clinical and socio-demographic factors in people living with lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria

<div><p>Background</p><p>Lymphatic filariasis is a chronic, disabling and often disfiguring condition that principally impacts the world’s poorest people. In addition to the well-recognised physical disability associated with lymphedema and hydrocele, affected people often experience rejection, stigma and discrimination. The resulting emotional consequences are known to impact on the quality of life and the functioning of the affected individuals. However, the management of this condition has focused on prevention and treatment through mass drug administration, with scant attention paid to the emotional impact of the condition on affected individuals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of depression among individuals with physical disfigurement from lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>A cross-sectional 2-stage convenience study was conducted at 5 designated treatment centers across Plateau State, Nigeria. All available and consenting clients with clearly visible physical disfigurement were recruited. A semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem and a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were administered at the first stage. Those who screened positive (with a PHQ-9 score of five and above) were further interviewed using the Depression module of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).</p><p>Results</p><p>Ninety-eight individuals met the criteria and provided consent. Twenty percent of the respondents met criteria for depression, with the following proportions based on severity: Mild (42.1%), Moderate (31.6%) and Severe (26.3%). History of mental illness (OR 40.83, p = 0.008); Median duration of the illness was 17 years (IQR 7.0–30 years) and being unemployed (OR 12.71, p = 0.003) were predictive of depression. High self-esteem was negatively correlated (OR 0.09, p<0.004).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Prevalence of depression is high among individuals with lymphatic filariasis and depression in sufferers is associated with low self-esteem and low levels of life satisfaction.</p></div