117 research outputs found
Detection of Iron Emission Line from the Galaxy Cluster Including the Radio Galaxy 3C220.1 at z=0.62
We have detected an emission line feature at 4 keV in the X-ray emission from
a sky region including the distant radio galaxy 3C220.1(z=0.62) obtained with
ASCA. The line energy is 6.1 - 7.0 keV (90% confidence) in the rest frame of
3C220.1. Within the present statistics, the observed spectra are consistent
with two different models: a non-thermal model consisting of a power-law
continuum plus a 6.4 keV iron emission line, and a Raymond-Smith thin-thermal
emission model of kT ~6 keV with a metal abundance of ~0.5 solar. However,
because of the large (~ 500 eV) equivalent width of the line, a significant
fraction of the X-ray emission is likely to arise from the hot intracluster gas
associated with the galaxy cluster that includes 3C220.1. The spectral
parameters of the thermal emission are consistent with the
luminosity-temperature relation of nearby clusters.Comment: 15 pages, 5 ps figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Membrane perturbing factor in reticulocyte lysate, which is transiently activated by proteases
AbstractProteases have been used to examine the topology of proteins on various membranes. We reexamined the conditions of protease treatment for rough microsomal membranes and found that proteinase K degraded the lumenal proteins in the presence of reticulocyte lysate. The lysate treated with either heat or N-ethylmaleimide no longer promoted the degradation. The reticulocyte dependent degradation was also observed with papain, trypsin, and elastase. This activity was transiently generated by treating reticulocyte lysate short-term with trypsin. We thus concluded that a membrane perturbing factor(s) must exist in reticulocyte which is transiently activated by protease treatment
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X-ray Study of Seventy-nine Distant Clusters of Galaxies: Discovery of Two Classes of Cluster Size
We have performed a uniform analysis of 79 clusters of galaxies with the
ROSAT HRI and ASCA to study the X-ray structure and evolution of clusters in
the redshift range 0.1 < z < 1. We determined the average X-ray temperatures
and the bolometric luminosities with ASCA and the spatial distributions of the
X-ray brightness with the ROSAT HRI by utilizing the isothermal beta-model. We
do not find any significant redshift dependence in the X-ray parameters
including the temperature, beta-model parameters, and the central electron
density. Among the parameters, the core radius shows the largest
cluster-to-cluster dispersions. We discovered that the histogram of the core
radius shows two peaks at 60 and 220 kpc. If we divide the cluster samples into
two subgroups corresponding to the two peaks in the core radius distribution,
they show differences in the X-ray and optical morphologies and in the X-ray
luminosity temperature relation. From these observational results, we suggest
that the clusters are divided into at least two subgroups according to the core
radius.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Effect of Edge-Preserving Adaptive Image Filter on Low-Contrast Detectability in CT Systems: Application of ROC Analysis
Objective. For the multislice CT (MSCT) systems with a larger
number of detector rows, it is essential to
employ dose-reduction techniques. As reported in
previous studies, edge-preserving adaptive image
filters, which selectively eliminate only the
noise elements that are increased when the
radiation dose is reduced without affecting the
sharpness of images, have been developed. In the
present study, we employed receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess the
effects of the quantum denoising system (QDS),
which is an edge-preserving adaptive filter that we
have developed, on low-contrast resolution, and
to evaluate to what degree the radiation dose
can be reduced while maintaining acceptable
low-contrast resolution.
Materials and Methods. The low-contrast phantoms (Catphan 412) were scanned at various tube current settings, and ROC analysis was then performed for the groups of images obtained with/without the use of QDS at each tube current to determine whether or not a target could be identified. The tube current settings for which the area under the ROC curve (Az value) was approximately 0.7 were determined for both groups of images with/without the use of QDS. Then, the radiation dose reduction ratio when QDS was used was calculated by converting the determined tube current to the radiation dose.
Results. The use of the QDS edge-preserving adaptive image filter allowed the radiation dose to be reduced by up to 38%.
Conclusion. The QDS was found to be useful for reducing the radiation dose without affecting the low-contrast resolution in MSCT studies
L_X-T Relation and Related Properties of Galaxy Clusters
An observational approach is presented to constrain the global structure and
evolution of the intracluster medium based on the ROSAT and ASCA distant
cluster sample. From statistical analysis of the gas density profile and the
connection to the LX-T relation under the beta-model, the scaled gas profile is
nearly universal for the outer region and the LX(>0.2r500) is tightly related
to the temperature through T^3 rather than T^2. On the other hand, a large
density scatter exists in the core region and there is clearly a deviation from
the self-similar scaling for clusters with a small core size. A direct link
between the core size and the radiative cooling timescale suggest that t_cool
is a parameter to control the gas structure and the appearance of small cores
in regular clusters may be much connected with the thermal evolution. We derive
the luminosity-ambient temperature (T') relation, assuming the universal
temperature profile to find the dispersion around the relation significantly
decreases: L_1keV is almost constant for a wide range of t_cool. We further
examined the LX-Tbeta and LX-T'beta relations and showed a trend that merging
clusters segregate from the regular clusters on the planes. A good correlation
between t_cool and the X-ray morphology on the L_1keV-t_cool/t_age plane leads
us to define three phases according to the different level of cooling, and draw
a phenomenological picture: after a cluster collapses and t_cool falls below
t_age, the core cools radiatively with quasi-hydrostatic balancing in the
gravitational potential, and the central density gradually becomes higher to
evolve from an outer-core-dominant cluster to inner-core-dominant cluster.Comment: 39 pages, 37 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Version with
high-quality color figures at
http://cosmic.riken.jp/ota/publications/index.htm
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