86 research outputs found
The Aesthetic Hyper-Object in Experimental Short Film Practices: Lina Sieckmann and Miriam Gossing’s Art Documentaries
Short experimental films by the German female director duo Lina Sieckmann und Miriam Gossing put domestic environments on cinematic display in new and challenging ways. The essay discusses the links between the films’ documentary agendas, surreal visual montages, and poetic feminine voice-overs. Selected films are placed into dialogues with Michael Renov’s concept of aesthetics in documentary film and Timothy Morton’s notion of the “hyperobject.” This theoretical framework highlights the tensions between the films’ powerful aesthetics and feminine queer desire as they decenter socially ingrained dualisms
Migration’s Alienations: Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage
Brecht’s so-called anti-war drama Mother Courage and her Children (1939) will be read as a migration drama that demystifies rhetorical cynicism as a coping device for the traumatic torments of migration. By placing Brecht’s work in the context of Peter Sloterdijk’s theory of cynicism, our reading demonstrates how this work adds further perspectives to Thomas Nail’s recent theory of migration and to the discussion of the play’s theatrical production
Migration’s Alienations: Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage
23 pagesBrecht’s so-called anti-war drama Mother Courage and her Children (1939) will be read as a migration drama that demystifies rhetorical cynicism as a coping device for the traumatic torments of migration. By placing Brecht’s work in the context of Peter Sloterdijk’s theory of cynicism, our reading demonstrates how this work adds further perspectives to Thomas Nail’s recent theory of migration and to the discussion of the play’s theatrical production
Methoden- und Datenbericht zur Studie "Die Zukunft der Universität: Befragungen von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern an Universitäten zu Bedingungen für Innovationen in Forschung und Lehre"; Erhebung "ResearchQuest 2020 - 2021"
Dieser Methoden- und Datenbericht beschreibt die quantitative Onlinebefragung "ResearchQuest 2020-2021" im Rahmen des IHF-Forschungsbereichs "Hochschullehrende und wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs". Beschrieben werden das Befragungsdesign, das Erhebungsinstrument (der Fragebogen), die Durchführung der Erhebung, die gewonnenen Daten sowie die Datenaufbereitung. Befragt wurden Professorinnen und Professoren, Forschungsgruppenleiterinnen und -leiter sowie wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter in den Bereichen MINT und Wirtschaftswissenschaften an Universitäten deutschlandweit. Themen der Befragung waren Führung und Zusammenarbeit, Voraussetzungen für Innovationen und die Chancengleichheit von Frauen und Männern in der Wissenschaft. Die Befragung wurde so angelegt, dass Mehrebenenanalysen möglich sind
Critical Incidents in Cross-cultural Coaching: The View from German Coaches
The importance of a cultural perspective in coaching is increasingly significant for coaching practitioners and academics living in a globalised world. The question remains as to how the coaching methods rooted in the Western approach can be applied in the context of other (national) cultures. Using semi-structured interviews and based on the critical incidents technique, fifteen German coaching experts were interviewed to determine those critical incidents they experienced in cross-cultural coaching settings. The results show incidents in four main areas: communication, coach-client relationship, coaching setting and role understanding. These are aimed at improving outcomes but not at the expense of identifying the true core issue or coaching topic
A Frameshift Mutation within LAMC2 Is Responsible for Herlitz Type Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (HJEB) in Black Headed Mutton Sheep
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a hereditary mechanobullous skin disease in humans and animals. A Herlitz type JEB was identified in German Black Headed Mutton (BHM) sheep and affected lambs were reproduced in a breeding trial. Affected lambs showed skin and mucous membranes blistering and all affected lambs died within the first weeks of life. The pedigree data were consistent with a monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. Immunofluorescence showed a reduced expression of laminin 5 protein which consists of 3 subunits encoded by the genes LAMA3, LAMB3 and LAMC2. We screened these genes for polymorphisms. Linkage and genome-wide association analyses identified LAMC2 as the most likely candidate for HJEB. A two base pair deletion within exon 18 of the LAMC2 gene (FM872310:c.2746delCA) causes a frameshift mutation resulting in a premature stop codon (p.A928*) 13 triplets downstream of this mutation and in addition, introduces an alternative splicing of exon 18 LAMC2. This deletion showed a perfect co-segregation with HJEB in all 740 analysed BHM sheep. Identification of the LAMC2 deletion means an animal model for HJEB is now available to develop therapeutic approaches of relevance to the human form of this disease
Random Expert Sampling for Deep Learning Segmentation of Acute Ischemic Stroke on Non-contrast CT
Purpose: Multi-expert deep learning training methods to automatically
quantify ischemic brain tissue on Non-Contrast CT Materials and Methods: The
data set consisted of 260 Non-Contrast CTs from 233 patients of acute ischemic
stroke patients recruited in the DEFUSE 3 trial. A benchmark U-Net was trained
on the reference annotations of three experienced neuroradiologists to segment
ischemic brain tissue using majority vote and random expert sampling training
schemes. We used a one-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test on a set of segmentation
metrics to compare bootstrapped point estimates of the training schemes with
the inter-expert agreement and ratio of variance for consistency analysis. We
further compare volumes with the 24h-follow-up DWI (final infarct core) in the
patient subgroup with full reperfusion and we test volumes for correlation to
the clinical outcome (mRS after 30 and 90 days) with the Spearman method.
Results: Random expert sampling leads to a model that shows better agreement
with experts than experts agree among themselves and better agreement than the
agreement between experts and a majority-vote model performance (Surface Dice
at Tolerance 5mm improvement of 61% to 0.70 +- 0.03 and Dice improvement of 25%
to 0.50 +- 0.04). The model-based predicted volume similarly estimated the
final infarct volume and correlated better to the clinical outcome than CT
perfusion. Conclusion: A model trained on random expert sampling can identify
the presence and location of acute ischemic brain tissue on Non-Contrast CT
similar to CT perfusion and with better consistency than experts. This may
further secure the selection of patients eligible for endovascular treatment in
less specialized hospitals
Non-inferiority of Deep Learning Model to Segment Acute Stroke on Non-contrast CT Compared to Neuroradiologists
Purpose: To develop a deep learning model to segment the acute ischemic
infarct on non-contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT). Materials and Methods In
this retrospective study, 227 Head NCCT examinations from 200 patients enrolled
in the multicenter DEFUSE 3 trial were included. Three experienced
neuroradiologists (experts A, B and C) independently segmented the acute
infarct on each study. The dataset was randomly split into 5 folds with
training and validation cases. A 3D deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
architecture was optimized for the data set properties and task needs. The
input to the model was the NCCT and the output was a segmentation mask. The
model was trained and optimized on expert A. The outcome was assessed by a set
of volume, overlap and distance metrics. The predicted segmentations of the
best model and expert A were compared to experts B and C. Then we used a paired
Wilcoxon signed-rank test in a one-sided test procedure for all metrics to test
for non-inferiority in terms of bias and precision. Results: The best
performing model reached a Surface Dice at Tolerance (SDT)5mm of 0.68 \pm 0.04.
The predictions were non-inferior when compared to independent experts in terms
of bias and precision (paired one-sided test procedure for differences in
medians and bootstrapped standard deviations with non-inferior boundaries of
-0.05, 2ml, and 2mm, p < 0.05, n=200). Conclusion: For the segmentation of
acute ischemic stroke on NCCT, our 3D CNN trained with the annotations of one
neuroradiologist is non-inferior when compared to two independent
neuroradiologists
Epidermolysa bullosa in Danish Hereford calves is caused by a deletion in LAMC2 gene
BACKGROUND
Heritable forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) constitute a heterogeneous group of skin disorders of genetic aetiology that are characterised by skin and mucous membrane blistering and ulceration in response to even minor trauma. Here we report the occurrence of EB in three Danish Hereford cattle from one herd.
RESULTS
Two of the animals were necropsied and showed oral mucosal blistering, skin ulcerations and partly loss of horn on the claws. Lesions were histologically characterized by subepidermal blisters and ulcers. Analysis of the family tree indicated that inbreeding and the transmission of a single recessive mutation from a common ancestor could be causative. We performed whole genome sequencing of one affected calf and searched all coding DNA variants. Thereby, we detected a homozygous 2.4 kb deletion encompassing the first exon of the LAMC2 gene, encoding for laminin gamma 2 protein. This loss of function mutation completely removes the start codon of this gene and is therefore predicted to be completely disruptive. The deletion co-segregates with the EB phenotype in the family and absent in normal cattle of various breeds. Verifying the homozygous private variants present in candidate genes allowed us to quickly identify the causative mutation and contribute to the final diagnosis of junctional EB in Hereford cattle.
CONCLUSIONS
Our investigation confirms the known role of laminin gamma 2 in EB aetiology and shows the importance of whole genome sequencing in the analysis of rare diseases in livestock
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