L'application du droit penal islamique dans le Nord-Nigeria

Cet article etudie l'application du code penal islamique dans le Nord-Nigeria ainsi que les programmes de mise en oeuvre de la charia lances dans douze Etats du Nord en 1999-2000. Les nouvelles lois du Code penal islamique promulguees par les douze Etats pratiquant la charia sont detaillees pour exposer les anomalies constitutionnelles liees a leur application. Se distingue le fait que les sentences severes prononcees par les tribunaux de la charia ne sont pas executees, ce qui aboutit a une situation ou des personnes jugees coupables purgent des peines d' emprisonnement auxquelles elles n'ont pas ete condamnees. L'article examine les approches qui seront envisagees pour traiter ce probleme a moyen terme et le resoudre sur le long terme.Rule of Law and Development: Formation, Implementation and Improvement of Law and Governance in Developing Countrie

Albany: Using Component-based Design to Develop a Flexible, Generic Multiphysics Analysis Code

Abstract: Albany is a multiphysics code constructed by assembling a set of reusable, general components. It is an implicit, unstructured grid finite element code that hosts a set of advanced features that are readily combined within a single analysis run. Albany uses template-based generic programming methods to provide extensibility and flexibility; it employs a generic residual evaluation interface to support the easy addition and modification of physics. This interface is coupled to powerful automatic differentiation utilities that are used to implement efficient nonlinear solvers and preconditioners, and also to enable sensitivity analysis and embedded uncertainty quantification capabilities as part of the forward solve. The flexible application programming interfaces in Albany couple to two different adaptive mesh libraries; it internally employs generic integration machinery that supports tetrahedral, hexahedral, and hybrid meshes of user specified order. We present the overall design of Albany, and focus on the specifics of the integration of many of its advanced features. As Albany and the components that form it are openly available on the internet, it is our goal that the reader might find some of the design concepts useful in their own work. Albany results in a code that enables the rapid development of parallel, numerically efficient multiphysics software tools. In discussing the features and details of the integration of many of the components involved, we show the reader the wide variety of solution components that are available and what is possible when they are combined within a simulation capability. Key Words: partial differential equations, finite element analysis, template-based generic programmin

Historical Missionary Activity, Schooling, and the Reversal of Fortunes: Evidence from Nigeria

This paper shows that historical missionary activity has had a persistent effect on schooling outcomes, and contributed to a reversal of fortunes wherein historically richer ethnic groups are poorer today. Combining contemporary individual-level data with a newly constructed dataset on mission stations in Nigeria, we find that individuals whose ancestors were exposed to greater missionary activity have higher levels of schooling. This effect is robust to omitted heterogeneity, ethnicity fixed effects, and reverse causation. We find inter-generational factors and the persistence of early advantages in educational infrastructure to be key channels through which the effect has persisted. Consistent with theory, the effect of missions on current schooling is larger for population subgroups that have historically suffered disadvantages in access to education

Sharia and National Law in Nigeria

FdR – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde

Papers

Papers concerning the number of institutions represented by the faculty of Utah Agricultural College