Designing of special clothing based on experimental researches of material properties

The article presents the results of experimental researches on determination of thermal and physical characteristics of thermal insulating materials using the principle of spatial three-dimensional presentation of the study object with distributed parameters. The proposed method of research and obtained experimental results provide an opportunity to determine thermal and physical properties of materials with high accuracy, which creates the conditions for improvement of the quality of special clothes designing

Transverse momentum dependence of semi-inclusive pion production

Cross sections for semi-inclusive electroproduction of charged pions ($\pi^{\pm}$) from both proton and deuteron targets were measured for $0.2<x<0.5$, $2<Q^2<4$ GeV$^2$, $0.3<z<1$, and $P_t^2<0.2$ GeV$^2$. For $P_t<0.1$ GeV, we find the azimuthal dependence to be small, as expected theoretically. For both $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$, the $P_t$ dependence from the deuteron is found to be slightly weaker than from the proton. In the context of a simple model, this implies that the initial transverse momenta width of $d$ quarks is larger than for $u$ quarks and, contrary to expectations, the transverse momentum width of the favored fragmentation function is larger than the unfavored one.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. Fit form changed to include Cahn effect Minor revisions. Added one new figur

The Onset of Quark-Hadron Duality in Pion Electroproduction

A large data set of charged-pion electroproduction from both hydrogen and deuterium targets has been obtained spanning the low-energy residual-mass region. These data conclusively show the onset of the quark-hadron duality phenomenon, as predicted for high-energy hadron electroproduction. We construct several ratios from these data to exhibit the relation of this phenomenon to the high-energy factorization ansatz of electron-quark scattering and subsequent quark-to- pion production mechanisms.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett. Tables adde

Diagnosis and Treatment of Elderly and Senile Chronic Constipation: an Expert Consensus

Aim. An appraisal of practitioners with chronic constipation management details in older and senile adults.Key points. Chronic constipation is a common issue in geriatrics. Aside to age-related physiological bowel disfunction, a higher constipation incidence is conditioned by declined physical activity and frailty, polypharmacy and a series of secondary constipation-developing chronic states and diseases. Chronic constipation is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and complications, impaired general perception of health and pain, growing alarm and depression, and reduced quality of life. The treatment tactics in chronic constipation is cause-conditioned and should account for the patient’s history and therapy line, overall clinical condition, cognitive status and functional activity level. An essential baseline aspect of constipation management is apprising the patient and his family of the underlying factors and methods for non-drug and drug correction. An higher-fibre diet is recommended as first measure, with osmotic laxatives added and titrated to clinical response if none observed towards the non-drug and high-fibre regimens. Stimulant laxatives and prokinetics should be recommended in patients reluctant to fibre supplements and osmotic laxatives. Subsidiary correction includes biofeedback, transanal irrigation, acupuncture, foot reflexology and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation.Conclusion. Elderly and senile chronic constipation is a prevalent multifactorial state requiring an efficient management via assessment and correction of total risk factors and consistent use of non-medication and drug therapies

Регенерация триэтаноламина при конверсии хлорида калия и фосфогипса

The possibility of purification of circulating solutions containing triethanolamine from CaCl2 impurities by introducing into them potassium carbonate is shown. This process procceds according to the reaction K2CO3 + CaCl2 → ↓CaCO3 + 2KCl. The influence of the consumption rate of potassium carbonate has been studied. It is shown that at the stoichiometric consumption rate of K2CO3, the content of Ca2+ ions in the liquid phase was 0,02 %, while with a K2CO3 deficiency of the stoichiometric consumption rate of 70 and 50 %, this value was 0,43 and 0,92 %, respectively. It has been established that the circulating solutions purified from CaCl2 can be used in the conversion of new portions of KCl and phosphogypsum.Показана возможность очистки оборотных растворов, содержащих триэтаноламин, от примесей CaCl 2 путем введения в них карбоната калия. Данный процесс проходит по реакции K2CO3 + CaCl2 → ↓CaCO3 + 2KCl. Изучено влияние нормы расхода карбоната калия. Показано, что при стехиометрической норме расхода K2CO3 содержание ионов Ca2+ в жидкой фазе составило 0,02 %, тогда как при недостатке K2CO3 от стехиометрической нормы расхода 70 и 50 % этот показатель составил 0,43 и 0,92 % соответственно. Установлено, что очищенные оборотные растворы от CaCl2 могут использоваться при конверсии новых порций KCl и фосфогипса

Electroproduction of Eta Mesons in the S11(1535) Resonance Region at High Momentum Transfer

The differential cross-section for the process p(e,e'p)eta has been measured at Q2 ~ 5.7 and 7.0 (GeV/c)2 for centre-of-mass energies from threshold to 1.8 GeV, encompassing the S11(1535) resonance, which dominates the channel. This is the highest momentum transfer measurement of this exclusive process to date. The helicity-conserving transition amplitude A_1/2, for the production of the S11(1535) resonance, is extracted from the data. Within the limited Q2 now measured, this quantity appears to begin scaling as 1/Q3 - a predicted, but not definitive, signal of the dominance of perturbative QCD, at Q2 ~ 5 (GeV/c)2.Comment: LaTeX, 30 pages, 29 figures, uses longtable.sty, slashbox.sty, ifthen.sty; (v2) corrected figure inclusions; (v3) changes in filenames for prc and added Report-no; (v4) correction based on comments from referee {small changes to abstract and conclusion, inserted figure 9, other small changes to the text} (v5) very minor additions to improve clarit

Unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia: toxic denaturants and disinfectants pose additional risks

In 2005, 30% of all alcohol consumption in Russia was unrecorded. This paper describes the chemical composition of unrecorded and low cost alcohol, including a toxicological evaluation. Alcohol products (n=22) from both recorded and unrecorded sources were obtained from three Russian cities (Saratov, Lipetsk and Irkutsk) and were chemically analyzed. Unrecorded alcohols included homemade samogons, medicinal alcohols and surrogate alcohols. Analysis included alcoholic strength, levels of volatile compounds (methanol, acetaldehyde, higher alcohols), ethyl carbamate, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). Single samples showed contamination with DEP (275–1269 mg/l) and PHMG (515 mg/l) above levels of toxicological concern. Our detailed chemical analysis of Russian alcohols showed that the composition of vodka, samogon and medicinal alcohols generally did not raise major public health concerns other than for ethanol. It was shown, however, that concentration levels of DEP and PHMG in some surrogate alcohols make these samples unfit for human consumption as even moderate drinking would exceed acceptable daily intakes

Клиническое исследование эффективности и безопасности препарата Визомитин®, глазные капли, у пациентов с возрастной катарактой

PURPOSE: The assessment of possibility to add a new indication for the registered pharmaceutical. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of Visomitin® compared to placebo in patients with age-related cataracts. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of Visomitin® eye drops in patients with age-related cataracts was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidance, the Declaration of Helsinki and the Russian regulatory requirements. The study included 80 patients (23 men and 57 women) aged 45 to 75 years with diagnosed age-related cataract. All subjects were randomized into two groups of 40 patients each. In the treatment group patients received Visomitin® eye drops and in the control group, patients were given placebo (vehicle, i.e. eye drops with the same composition as Visomitin® except for the active substance SkQ1) in the form of instillations of one drop per each eye three times daily for six months. The study comprised 7 monthly visits. The following standard ophthalmological examinations were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy: visual acuity measurement, refractometry, biomicroscopy of the eye, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry, computer perimetry, densitometry. At certain visits lacrimal fluid was taken for evaluation of its antioxidant activity. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured as a part of safety evaluation which also included documentation of complaints and adverse events. Concomitant therapies were also documented. RESULTS: Analysis of safety parameters showed Visomitin® to be safe and well tolerated for patients with age-related cataract. Practically no adverse effects were documented during the study. In both groups a decrease of the number of patients with subjective complaints was observed. These complaints included: visual deterioration, dryness, grittiness, burning eyes, eye fatigue. The decrease of the number of complaints in the Visomitin® group was more pronounced than in the placebo group. During the first months of treatment an improvement of visual acuity was observed in both groups. This result can be explained by a protective effect of hypromellose contained in both Visomitin® and placebo. However, between the 4th and the 6th months, the improvement in visual acuity significantly slowed down in the placebo group, while positive dynamics remained the same in the Visomitin® group. At the end of the treatment visual acuity increased by more than 50% in Visomitin® group and remained at the level of 10-15% in the placebo group (statistically significant difference between placebo and Visomitin® groups,