In vitro evaluation of efficacy of 5 methods of disinfection on mouthpieces and facemasks contaminated by strains of cystic fibrosis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Home-nebulizers are a potential source of bacterial infection of the respiratory tract in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Recommendations for disinfecting this equipment are often arbitrary and sometimes contradictory. OBJECTIVE: To assess in vitro the effectiveness of 5 methods of disinfecting this equipment. METHODS: 160 mouthpieces and 160 masks of nebulizers were artificially and massively contaminated with 16 strains of germs found in patients with cystic fibrosis (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Alcaligenes xylosoxydans). A controlled comparison was carried out of the five methods of disinfection (hypochlorite solution (0.02% active chlorine), acetic acid 3.5%, Hexanios 0.5%, washing-up detergent 0.5% and a dishwasher), tested with and without drying. Standardised bacteriological sampling took place 4 h after disinfecting. RESULTS: Following treatment, the disappearance of the germ was recorded in 84.1% of cases, and effective disinfecting (reduction>5 log CFU/mL) in another 10.6%. Disinfection failure (5.3%) was found almost only in the case of acetic acid against Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSION: With the exception of acetic acid, the methods of disinfecting tested in this study appeared to be effective against common bacterial pathogens in cystic fibrosis

Human papillomavirus typing by single tube multiplex amplification in real time (SMART): The Papilloma Finder (R) SMART 20 assay

Background: High-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections play a causal role in the development of cervical cancer. The detection of hrHPV is, therefore, advocated in cervical cancer screening programs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the performance of a novel HPV typing assay, PapillomaFinder SMART 20. This is a one-tube-per-sample method, to be performed on standard real-time PCR platforms, using melting curve analysis to distinguish targets. The assay detects all 14 hrHPV types, of which 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 56 and 58 individually. HrHPV types 51, 59, 66 and 68 are detected in an hrHPV pool, and low-risk (lr) HPV types 6, 11, 40, 42, 43 and 44 in an IrHPV pool. Study design: The method was tested on HPV plasmid models, WHO and QCMD proficiency panels and a series of clinical cytological samples (n = 45), the latter in comparison with a clinically validated real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Type-specificity of the test was 100% using plasmids, the WHO and QCMD panels. Sensitivity for hrHPV in single infections was 100% using the WHO and QCMD panels and cytological samples, with an analytical sensitivity of 10-25 copies per reaction for all HPV types tested. Of the 34 HPV types present in the 8 multiple infections in the WHO panel, 30 were detected. In all cytological samples at least one hrHPV type was found, in concordance with the clinically validated method. Only when the viral load of the dominant HPV types in multiple infections greatly exceeded that of the other types in the infection, those other types were not always detected. Conclusions: PapillomaFinder SMART 20 is a rapid, easy to perform, single tube HPV typing assay. The assay detects the 14 hrHPV types, and the 6 most important IrHPV types with a high sensitivity and type-specificity