Impregnación al vacío y sus parámetros operativos: una revisión

Nowadays, lifestyles are constantly raising awareness about the importance of healthy eating, among which is the promotion of the consumption of functional foods not only to provide a safe and complete nutrition, but also to contribute to the prevention or treatment of oxidative, inflammatory, or infectious processes, among others responsible for diseases that affect a large part of the population. One of the main challenges in the safe and effective production of functional foods is matrix engineering, which presents tools to obtain minimally processed foods by means of vacuum impregnation (IV), preserving to a great extent the ingredients with properties. For this reason, the objective of this article was to perform a systematic review of the necessary parameters to control the IV, to achieve an optimal product according to the required characteristics of the final product in order to serve as a guide for a future implementation of the technique or development of applications. The proposed methodological route consisted of the evaluation of a search equation in the Scopus reference base, followed by a download in databases such as Science Direct, MDPI, Springer Link, Wiley and Taylor & Francis Online, to be filtered with Rayyan and narrowed Vosviewer. From the analysis of the main operating parameters in the IV, it was found that the most influential parameter is the pressure applied, followed by the time elapsed at that pressure, because it can generate structural damage to the plant matrix and the unnecessary outflow of important native fluids, causing changes in the final texture and a low percentage of bioactive components. The impregnation solution should have a concentration with a similar aw to that of the matrix, in order to avoid loss of firmness. According to the findings, the predominant morphology is slices due to the exposed surface area and greater retention of the impregnated compounds, segmenting the typology of the studied fruits. In the red fruits, the peculiarity was found that the standard size of the fruit is used, possibly because its skin is not as thick and allows the IV process to be carried out normally. The impregnated components are vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The drying technique that best preserves the physical and chemical properties of the matrix is lyophilization.Como parte de los estilos de vida actuales se genera una sensibilización acerca de la importancia de una alimentación saludable, en consecuencia, se da una promoción por el consumo de alimentos funcionales para no solo dar respuesta a una nutrición segura y completa, sino también que aporte a la prevención o tratamiento de procesos oxidativos, inflamatorios o infecciosos, los cuales son responsables de enfermedades que afectan una gran parte de la población. La impregnación al vacío (IV) es una herramienta que permite conservar en gran medida los ingredientes naturales de los alimentos, desarrollando así, de forma segura y efectiva, alimentos mínimamente procesados. Por esta razón el objetivo de este artículo consistió en realizar una revisión sistemática de los parámetros necesarios a controlar en la IV, para alcanzar un producto óptimo de acuerdo con las características requeridas del producto final de manera que sirva como guía para una futura implementación de la técnica o desarrollo de aplicaciones. La ruta metodológica propuesta consistió en la evaluación de una ecuación de búsqueda en la base referencial de Scopus, seguida de una descarga en bases de datos, como Science Direct, MDPI, Springer Link, Wiley y Taylor & Francis Online, para luego ser filtrado con Rayyan y acotado en Vosviewer. A partir del análisis de los principales parámetros de operación en la IV se encontró que el parámetro que más influye es la presión aplicada, seguido del tiempo transcurrido a esa presión, debido a que se pueden generar daños estructurales de la matriz vegetal y la salida innecesaria de fluidos nativos importantes, por lo que ocasiona cambios en la textura final y un porcentaje bajo de componentes bioactivos. La solución de impregnación debe ser de una concentración con aw similar al de la matriz, para evitar pérdida de la firmeza. De acuerdo con lo encontrado la morfología que predomina son las rodajas debido al área superficial expuesta y una mayor retención de los compuestos impregnados, segmentando la tipología de frutos estudiados, en los frutos rojos se encontró la particularidad de que se utiliza el tamaño estándar del fruto, posiblemente porque su corteza no es tan gruesa y permite que el proceso de IV se lleve a cabo normalmente. Los componentes impregnados son vitaminas, minerales, compuestos fenólico y flavonoides. La técnica de secado que mejor conserva propiedades físicas y químicas de la matriz es la liofilización

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales