The Relationship Between Neuropsychological Deficit and MMPI Profile in Chronic Schizophrenics

The present study was an attempt to examine the relationship between personality variables and neuropsychological deficits in chronic schizophrenic subjects. The groups were composed of 73 chronic schizophrenic subjects with measureable cortical atrophy on CAT-Scan and 118 chronic schizophrenic subjects without identifiable brain damage. The relationship between neuropsychological deficit and personality variables was tested by means of discriminant analysis. As hypothesized, the brain-damaged group was found to have a stronger relationship between the neuropsychological deficits and the personality variables than the nonbrain-damaged group. Canonical correlation was used to demonstrate the underlying neuropsychological pattern which was found related to the personality profile of the MMPI for the entire sample of chronic schizophrenics. A frontal and anterior temporal lobe neuropsychological profile was found related to a particular personality profile

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Correlates of Neuropsychological Deficits.

The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between various neuropsychological deficits and patterns of personality variables. Fifty individuals with medically verified brain lesions had 8 tests administered as part of a larger neuropsychological assessment. Individual relationships between each of the 8 neuropsychological variables and each of the 13 clinical and validity scales of the MMPI were analyzed by means of t-tests and Pearson correlations. Multiple regression and discriminant analysis were used to assess complex relationships between the neuropsychological variables and the MMPI scales. Results of these procedures showed a relative lack of individual relationships between cognitive and personality variables, although there were strong correlations between patterns of personality variables and neuropsychological performance. Each neuropsychological deficit manifested a strong characteristic MMPI profile. Traditional personality differences associated with laterality of lesion were also replicated. Explanations for the various personological reactions were discussed in terms of etiology of brain damage, psychological reactivity and cognitive loss

The Diagnosis of Brain-Damage by the MMPI: A Comprehensive Evaluation.

A number of research studies have proposed various methods for using the MMPI to identify brain dysfunction. This previous research has taken one of three major approaches. The present study compared the major approaches in a population consisting of 30 schizophrenic, 30 brain-damaged and 30 hospitalized normal patients. The results indicated that the most effective diagnosis device was the use of the Sc scale alone or in conjunction with the remaining clinical scales and the F scale. None of the organic scales or keys were able to match the performance of the Sc scale alone. The poor results obtained bring into question the use of these scales in any other setting without an extensive research validation. An alternate method that might be used to employ the MMPI in the diagnosis of brain dysfunction was suggested

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory correlates of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery in a psychiatric population.

To investigate the relationships between several neuropsychological deficits and personality function, 73 schizophrenic subjects with medically verified brain damage were administered the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (L-N) and the MMPI. Relationships between each of the 14 neuropsychological variables (the fourteen summary scales of the L-N) and each of the 10 clinical and three validity scales of the MMPI were analyzed by means of t-tests and Pearson correlations. Complex relationships between the neuropsychological variables and the MMPI scales were analyzed by means of multiple regression and discriminant analysis. With the exception of the F scale, results showed a relative lack of individual relationships between the cognitive and personality variables. As expected, however, relatively strong correlations were found between neuropsychological performance and overall patterns of personality variables for 11 of the 14 neuropsychological variables. Traditional personality differences associated with lesion laterality were replicated. Personality profiles uniquely related to specific neuropsychological deficits and personality trends which appeared across neuropsychological variables were discussed in terms of psychological reactivity and cognitive loss

Productivity Ratings of Psychology Programs Based on Publications in Clinical Journals.

Sought to identify the relative standing of clinical psychology programs by evaluating their frequency of publication in the major clinical journals. In addition, the relative contribution of university programs, hospital programs, medical centers, and other institutions to the clinical literature was investigated. It was found that although American Psychological Association (APA)-approved university clinical programs are responsible for the largest number of articles in the sample examined, (14 journals for the years 1975, 1976, and 1977), 6 of every 10 articles were published either by non-APA-approved academic programs or by individuals in other institutional settings. The general reputation of universities did not reflect their productivity in the clinical journals. The article includes an analysis of the major sources of publication in the clinical literature and an evaluation of the meaning of these findings for clinical psychology. (3 ref

Neuropsychological Implications of Rhythm and Aphasia Deficits After Unilateral Left Hemisphere Injuries.

The present study was designed to investigate changes in rhythm skills independent of any right hemisphere dysfunction and in relationship to verbal deficits which accompany left hemisphere injuries. Thirty-five individuals injured in the left hemisphere were divided into three groups on the basis of their scores on the Seashore Rhythm Test and the Reitan-Indiana Aphasia Screening Test. The three groups were then compared on 21 measures taken from the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Results of one-way analyses of variance indicated that 8 measures, commonly associated with left hemisphere problems, differentiated the three groups while 13 measures, commonly associated with right hemisphere or diffuse problems, did not. The findings were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that rhythm deficits may occur independent of right hemisphere injury. The results also indicated that rhythm deficits are useful in localizing left hemisphere injuries

Prediction of Neurosurgical Results by Psychological Evaluation.

There has been an increasing interest in the role of personality factors in the outcome of medical treatment. The present study examined the role of personality measures in predicting the outcome of neurosurgery for patients with a well-documented disruption of one or more discs. Each of 15 male and 16 female patients whose average age was 40.8 yr. received the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory before surgery and received a follow-up at least one year after surgery or until a final, stable level of recovery was attained. A multiple correlation of .64 between the personality measures and treatment outcome suggested that even in cases with a well-documented need for surgery, psychological factors can play a major influence in the eventual outcome. Possible psychological interventions before surgery which might increase the likelihood of a good outcome are briefly outlined

Interpretation of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery: A Casebook Approach

https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_facbooks/1041/thumbnail.jp

The Use of a Standardized Battery of Luria\u27s Test in the Diagnosis of Lateralized Cerebral Dysfunction

The present study was designed to examine the capability of a standardized battery of Luria\u27s qualitative neuropsychological techniques in discriminating between right, left and diffuse brain-injured subjects. A total of sixty medically confirmed brain-damaged subjects were equally divided among the three groups. Subjects were assigned to two groups (right, left) according to medically proven lateralized brain injury to either the right or left hemisphere in the absence of verifiable insult to the opposite hemisphere. A third group was also selected in which medical evidence confirmed damage to both hemispheres (diffuse group). All three groups were matched for age and education. All subjects were tested on a standardized version of 269 Luria\u27s qualitative neuropsychological test items. The items were divided into 11 sections based upon Luria\u27s theory of brain function. Each of the 11 sections plus a right and a left hemisphere scale as well as an overall impairment scale yielded 14 summary measures of performance representing several areas of neuropsychological ability and overall severity of brain dysfunction. Analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were used to compare the three groups on these 14 summary measures. Analysis of variance revealed on significant difference between the three groups on the Left scale with the left group performing poorest. Discriminant analysis predicted the status of 59 of 60 subjects correctly (98% hit rate). The implication of the lack of significant simple relationships (ANOVA) and the complex interrelationships found using the discriminant analysis were discussed in terms of the support these results provide for Luria\u27s theory of brain function. The specific qualitative aspects of the test battery and their use in the diagnosis of lateralized brain injury were also discussed. Indications for future research were pointed out

Relationship of Age and Education to Performance on a Standardized Version of Luria\u27s Neuropsychological tests in Different Patient Populations.

A.R. Luria, a Russian neuropsychologist, developed many qualitative bedside tests that have been effective in the diagnosis and localization of neurological disorders. Recently, a standardized and objectively-scored version of Luria\u27s tests has been developed. Knowledge of the effects of patient age and education on neuro-psychological test performance has been found crucial in the neurodiagnostic decision-making process. The present study examined the effects of patient age(younger subjects between 20 and 40 years and older subjects between 50 and 70 years of age), education (grade school, high school, and post-high school), and diagnosis (normal, schizophrenic, brain damaged) on 14 standardized Luria measures. A weighted means analysis of variance found 11 significant age effects, 14 significant educational effects, and 14 significant effects diagnosis. One significant interaction was found between education and diagnosis, the results support the contention that with appropriate age and educational corrections, the standardized Luria battery would satisfy the need for a short, objectively scored, and diagnostically effective neuropsychological battery