Investigation of intermittency in magnetohydrodynamics and solar wind turbulence: scale-dependent kurtosis

The behavior of scale-dependent (or filtered) kurtosis is studied in the solar wind using magnetic field measurements from the ACE and Cluster spacecraft at 1 AU. It is also analyzed numerically with high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic spectral simulations. In each case the filtered kurtosis increases with wavenumber, implying the presence of coherent structures at the smallest scales. This phase coupling is related to intermittency in solar wind turbulence and the emergence of non-Gaussian statistics. However, it is inhibited by the presence of upstream waves and other phase-randomizing structures, which act to reduce the growth of kurtosis

CCD BVRI and 2MASS Photometry of the Poorly Studied Open Cluster NGC 6631

Here we have obtained the {\it BVRI CCD} photometry down to a limiting magnitude of $V \sim$ 20 for the southern poorly studied open cluster NGC 6631. It is observed from the {\it 1.88 m} Telescope of Kottamia Observatory in Egypt. About 3300 stars have been observed in an area of $\sim 10^{\prime} \times 10^{\prime}$ around the cluster center. The main photometric parameters have been estimated and compared with the results that determined for the cluster using {\it JHKs 2MASS} photometric database. The cluster's diameter is estimated to be 10 arcmin; the reddening E(B-V)= 0.68 $\pm$ 0.10 mag, E(J-H)= 0.21 $\pm$ 0.10 mag, the true modulus (m-M)$_{o}$= 12.16 $\pm$ 0.10 mag, which corresponds to a distance of 2700 $\pm$125 pc and age of 500 $\pm$ 50 Myr.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Regulation and Expression of ELOVL Fatty Acid Elongase-5 Genes with Overfeeding in Goose Fatty Liver

Goose liver was an important economic trait which can be affected by high carbohydrate diet contents.  So, fatty acid elongase ELOVL plays an important role in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA).  We hypothesized that ELOVL5 are involved in goose fatty liver development. To address this, we determined the response of goose ELOVL5 gene to overfeeding and their expression in goose liver and primary hepatocytes with related factors (glucose, fatty acid and insulin). Overfeeding expression data indicated that ELOVL5 was significantly reduction after two days of overfed.  In primary hepatocytes data expression by quantities PCR was not affected by glucose and palmitate treatment while reduction expression by high level of insulin. Bioinformatics analysis of the sequence gene was indicated considerably conserved among avian species. Keyword: Fatty liver, Goose, ELOVL fatty acid elongase-5, Overfeeding DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/9-11-02 Publication date:June 30th 201

The Toxicity, Metabolism and Distribution of Carbaryl in Three Species of Labops with and without Piperonyl Butoxide Treatment (Hemiptera:miridae)

Carbaryl toxicity, metabolism, and distribution in adults of three species of grass bugs _from the genus Labops were studied in relation to species, sex, and treatment with piperonyl butoxide. Lc50 values for 8 hour exposure periods ranged from 0.02-0.14, 0.03-0.3, and 0.2-0.7 μg carbaryl/vial for L. utahensis, L. hirtus, and L. hesperius respectively. The males were more susceptible to carbaryl than females. Males of L. utahensis were more susceptible than L. hirtus and L. hesperius respectively. The synergist difference values (Lc50 of carbaryl alone - Lc50 values of carbaryl after piperonyl butoxide treatment) were measured. The percent dependency of these _insects on MFOs for detoxifying carbaryl was estimated based on the theoretical synergist difference which was calculated by the equation Log LC50 = 1.014 log SD - 0.009. The percent dependency values were 38-59, 25-46, and 13-33% for L. hesperius, L. hirtus, and L. utahensis, respectively. Males of L. utahensis had the lowest percent dependency upon MFOs in detoxifying carbaryl (13%) indicating the possibility that carbaryl toxicity may be controlled by other potential defense mechanisms which are relatively ineffective themselves in view of the low tolerances of the insects to carbaryl. Treatment with piperonyl butoxide resulted in greater enhancement of carbaryl toxicity against L. hesperius (synergized Lc50 0.1-0.26 μg carbaryl/vial) while it showed a moderate effect on L. hirtus (synergized Lc50 0.02-0.16 μg carbaryl/vial). Piperonyl butoxide\u27s effect was less pronounced in the case of L. utahensis (synergized Lc50 0.013- 0.09 μg carbaryl/vial. Unmetabolized carbaryl was the principle compound isolated from the bugs after 6 hours from treatment, being more prominent in males of L. hirtus (71.1% of the total metabolites) and less prominent in females hesperius (36.7% of the total metabolites). The mechanism of detoxication appeared to include ring hydroxylation for both species and sexes. 4 and 5-hydroxycarbaryl were the only metabolites associated with the degrading of carbaryl by the bugs, since the levels of metabolites obtained were too low for accurate quantitation. Pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide prevented the appearance of both carbaryl metabolites in the organosoluble fraction and increased the accumulation of unmetabolized carbaryl. This effect was probably due to inhibition of the insect\u27s MFO system. Generally, this study showed a good correlation between the bioassays and the metabolic studies, thus reflecting the effectiveness of the bioassays along with synergist difference (SD) and percent dependency concepts in establishing some conclusions regarding the MFOs of Labops bugs. Further application of these techniques with agricultural insects should provide a practical means of characterizing field populations for insecticide tolerance, relative levels of MFOs and their role as a defense mechanism

In-situ stress analysis of southwest Saskatchewan

Scenarios developed by the National Energy Board of Canada predict that Canadian unconventional gas production, including coalbed methane (CBM), may be required to meet Canadian energy demands by the year 2008, and could constitute up to 65% of supply by 2025. Although there has been considerable CBM exploration and development in Alberta in recent years, there has been relatively limited activity in Saskatchewan.The in-situ stress regime can have a strong influence on coal bed methane (CBM) production, coal permeability, hydraulic fracturing pressure, and borehole stability while drilling horizontal wells. A limited number of stress regime analyses have been conducted previously on a regional scale, for the entire Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), but none has been conducted with a focus on Saskatchewan. The primary objective of this study was to investigate in-situ stress magnitudes and orientations in southwestern Saskatchewan. The secondary objective was to quantify the influence of in-situ stresses on operational practices that would be used to exploit CBM targets.Analysis of vertical stress magnitudes and gradients were conducted using bulk density data compiled for 257 wells in southwest Saskatchewan. Vertical stress magnitudes calculated at the base of the Belly River Formation in the region where its CBM potential is greatest were found to be in the 6 to 12 MPa range. Vertical stress magnitudes at the top of the Mannville Group in the region where its CBM potential is greatest were found to be in the 12 to 18 MPa range. Data available for interpretation of minimum horizontal stress magnitudes were considerably more limited. A technique was developed to estimate these magnitudes using fracture stimulation data, which were available for the Viking Formation and Mannville Groups. Using this technique, minimum horizontal stress magnitudes at the top of the Mannville Group in the region of greatest interest were estimated to be 10 to 14 MPa. The results of these analyses suggest that depth is a dominant controlling factor for minimum horizontal stress magnitude, but that pore pressures (sub-normal pressures cause lower stresses) and lithology (shaley rocks, and perhaps coals, have higher stresses) also have notable effects. Insufficient data were obtained for direct estimation of minimum horizontal stresses in the Belly River Formation. Minimum horizontal stress magnitudes in this formation might be quite close to vertical stress magnitudes.Borehole breakouts were analyzed to interpret the orientation of maximum horizontal stress (¥òHmax) in the study area. The mean orientation of the mean borehole breakouts gives a 137¨¬ with a circular standard deviation of 12¨¬, which parallels the minimum horizontal stress in the study area with a notable inflection overlying the Swift Current platform. The data is portrayed in a trajectory map. The trajectories indicated on the map can be used for predicting the orientation of induced hydraulic fractures, and the likely orientation of face cleats in coals. Knowledge of the orientations of these features is essential to effective development of CBM resources.Based on the stress and pore pressure data presented in this thesis, it is anticipated that minimum effective stresses in the Belly River coals will typically be a few MPa, and up to 10 MPa in the Mannville coals. A very rough estimate of permeabilities based on the data compiled for various Canadian coals suggests that permeabilities could be in the 0.01 to 10 millidarcy range for the former, and 0.01 to 1 millidarcy range for the latter. Borehole stability analyses were conducted for both the Belly River Formation and the Mannville Group. The results suggest that horizontal drilling of the Mannville coals should be feasible, without the need for high-density drilling muds. Given that the Belly River coals occur in numerous thin seams, they are most likely to be developed using vertical wells. Borehole instability is not likely to be a major problem in these vertical wells.Recommendations are provided for laboratory investigation of coal permeabilities and mechanical properties, field testing for minimum horizontal stress magnitudes in coal seams and adjacent strata, and additional analysis of existing fracture stimulation, log and core data for strata not analyzed in this project

The geometric order of stripes and Luttinger liquids

It is argued that the electron stripes as found in correlated oxides have to do with an unrecognized form of order. The manifestation of this order is the robust property that the charge stripes are at the same time anti-phase boundaries in the spin system. We demonstrate that the quantity which is ordering is sublattice parity, referring to the geometric property of a bipartite lattice that it can be subdivided in two sublattices in two different ways. Re-interpreting standard results of one dimensional physics, we demonstrate that the same order is responsible for the phenomenon of spin-charge separation in strongly interacting one dimensional electron systems. In fact, the stripe phases can be seen from this perspective as the precise generalization of the Luttinger liquid to higher dimensions. Most of this paper is devoted to a detailed exposition of the mean-field theory of sublattice parity order in 2+1 dimensions. Although the quantum-dynamics of the spin- and charge degrees of freedom is fully taken into account, a perfect sublattice parity order is imposed. Due to novel order-out-of-disorder physics, the sublattice parity order gives rise to full stripe order at long wavelength. This adds further credibility to the notion that stripes find their origin in the microscopic quantum fluctuations and it suggests a novel viewpoint on the relationship between stripes and high Tc superconductivity.Comment: 29 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl

Mathematical modeling of ultra wideband in vivo radio channel

This paper proposes a novel mathematical model for an in vivo radio channel at ultra-wideband frequencies (3.1–10.6 GHz), which can be used as a reference model for in vivo channel response without performing intensive experiments or simulations. The statistics of error prediction between experimental and proposed model is RMSE = 5.29, which show the high accuracy of the proposed model. Also, the proposed model was applied to the blind data, and the statistics of error prediction is RMSE = 7.76, which also shows a reasonable accuracy of the model. This model will save the time and cost on simulations and experiments, and will help in designing an accurate link budget calculation for a future enhanced system for ultra-wideband body-centric wireless systems

The Effects of Evolutionary Adaptations on Spreading Processes in Complex Networks

A common theme among the proposed models for network epidemics is the assumption that the propagating object, i.e., a virus or a piece of information, is transferred across the nodes without going through any modification or evolution. However, in real-life spreading processes, pathogens often evolve in response to changing environments and medical interventions and information is often modified by individuals before being forwarded. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of spreading processes on complex networks with the aim of i) revealing the role of evolution on the threshold, probability, and final size of epidemics; and ii) exploring the interplay between the structural properties of the network and the dynamics of evolution. In particular, we develop a mathematical theory that accurately predicts the epidemic threshold and the expected epidemic size as functions of the characteristics of the spreading process, the evolutionary dynamics of the pathogen, and the structure of the underlying contact network. In addition to the mathematical theory, we perform extensive simulations on random and real-world contact networks to verify our theory and reveal the significant shortcomings of the classical mathematical models that do not capture evolution. Our results reveal that the classical, single-type bond-percolation models may accurately predict the threshold and final size of epidemics, but their predictions on the probability of emergence are inaccurate on both random and real-world networks. This inaccuracy sheds the light on a fundamental disconnect between the classical bond-percolation models and real-life spreading processes that entail evolution. Finally, we consider the case when co-infection is possible and show that co-infection could lead the order of phase transition to change from second-order to first-order.Comment: Submitte