Citric Acid Production by Saccharomycopsis Lipolytica Using Batch Culture: Study on Oxygen Requirement

A citric acid producing yeast strain Saccharomycopsis lipolytic 5054 formerly known as Candida lipolytica was used throughout the study. The strain was obtained from Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR). A preliminary study on the development for the optimization of the fermentation process was conducted. The experiments included the effect of medium contents such as CaC03 and initial glucose concentrations, inoculum size, agitation rates, KLa (volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient) and dissolved oxygen concentrations. From the preliminary experiments, Medium I (l0% glucose, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.1% MgS04.7H20, 0.2% NH4CI, 0.1% KH2PO, 1% CaC03, pH 6.6) was selected as the fermentation medium throughout the study. The optimum growth temperature and inoculum size was 30°C and 10%, respectively. 1% CaC03 (w/v) was selected as the optimum concentration. The highest KLa obtained was 29.6 hour-I at the agitation rate of 700 rpm using the Rushton turbine impeller. This impeller speed was employed during the studies on optimum dissolved oxygen concentration, where the highest citric acid production obtained was 11.6 giL during fermentation at 50% (20 mg/L) dissolved oxygen concentration. The optimum fermentation period was 50 hours where the exponential phase ended and the stationary phase started

Relationship of viewing Islamic based films with pro-social personality among teenaged audience

The viewing of Islamic based films or films that contain Islamic message is seen as a contribution towards positive actions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the viewing of Islamic based films and the development of pro-social personality among teenaged audience. The social cognitive theory was used as the theoretical framework via the three constructs (observational learning, symbolic modeling through characters and self-efficacy) as the mediating variables. The research design employed was a cross-sectional survey where data were collected through the distribution of questionnaire by using the stratified random sampling as the sampling technique. 1028 students from 5 public universities in the Klang Valley were taken as the sample from the 3324 total of the population. The questionnaire was generated from Prosocial Personality Battery (PSB) (Penner et al., 1995; Penner, 2002) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSE) (Sherer et al., 1982). The quantitative data were analyzed by using the SPSS 18 through the univariate and multivariate statistical inferential analysis

Relationship of viewing Islamic based films with pro-social personality among teenaged audience

The viewing of Islamic based films or films that contain Islamic message is seen as a contribution towards positive actions. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the viewing of Islamic based films and the development of pro-social personality among teenaged audience. The social cognitive theory was used as the theoretical framework via the three constructs (observational learning, symbolic modeling through characters and self-efficacy) as the mediating variables. The research design employed was a cross-sectional survey where data were collected through the distribution of questionnaire by using the stratified random sampling as the sampling technique. 1028 students from 5 public universities in the Klang Valley were taken as the sample from the 3324 total of the population. The questionnaire was generated from Prosocial Personality Battery (PSB) (Penner et al., 1995; Penner, 2002) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (SGSE) (Sherer et al., 1982). The quantitative data were analyzed by using the SPSS 18 through the univariate and multivariate statistical inferential analysis

Substrate specificity of lipases from four species of Aspergillus towards hydrolysis of homoacid triacylglycerols and vegetable oils in non-aqueous system

Among the four species of Aspergillus, Aspergillus oryzea lipase demonstrates high preference towards medium chain triacylglycerols (C10) and discriminates against triunsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) e.g. triolein. The great discriminating power of its lipase against triolein was shown in comparison with its ability to catalyse the hydrolysis of medium chain (C10) TAG e.g. tricaprin and less shown when hydrolysing saturated long chain TAG i.e. tripalmitin. The discriminating power of these lipases are in this order: triolein > tripalmitin > trilaurin > tricaprin. Similar phenomenon was noted when mycelium-bound lipases of Aspergillus sp. were used to catalyse the hydrolysis of coconut oil, palm olein, olive oil and flaxseed oil. In most cases, relative percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid (C18:1) in non-hydrolysed fractions of oils increased after 12 days of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of flaxseed and olive oil showed that Aspergillus murarum, Aspergillus oryzea and Aspergillus flavus lipases have high preference towards polyunsaturated fatty acids i.e. linoleic acid (C18:2) in olive oil and linolenic acid (C18:3) in flaxseed oil and no preference for monounsaturated and saturated long chain fatty acids

Parameter penulisan wasatiyyah pendakwah untuk menangani ekstremis Melayu muslim menerusi media sosial

Fenomena ekstremisme agama bukanlah perkara baru dalam kehidupan manusia. Perkembangan teknologi dalam dunia kini secara tidak langsung cuba menjejaskan kehidupan orang Melayu Islam khususnya dalam penulisan di media sosial. Kumpulan ekstremis menjadikan media sosial sebagai salah satu platform untuk menyebarkan ideologi mereka. Medium tanpa sempadan ini menyebabkan kumpulan pelampau menyebarkan maklumat secara bebas dan mudah sehingga menyebabkan masyarakat Melayu Islam terpedaya dengan fahaman ekstrem. Pelbagai tulisan yang berbentuk ekstremis dan longgar bertebaran dalam masyarakat seperti tulisan yang mengelirukan tanpa ada sandaran rujukan, berita yang dipenuhi dengan fitnah, berita yang tidak benar, tulisan yang memburukkan ulama silam dan tulisan yang meragui kesahihannya tanpa menggunakan kaedah yang betul. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji parameter penulisan pendakwah wasatiyyah dalam menangani pelampau Melayu Islam. Kajian ini diperoleh menggunakan metodologi kualitatif iaitu melalui kaedah temu bual dengan 4 orang informan dan melalui perbincangan meja bulat yang terdiri daripada 5 orang panel. Pemilihan informan ditentukan secara persampelan bertujuan. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan perisian Atlas.ti. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa antara parameter pemikiran wasatiyyah pendakwah dalam menangani pelampau Melayu Islam ialah pembuktian kaedah (manhaj) pembuktian yang sah dan tepat menurut ahli sunnah wal jamaah, sumber rujukan yang muktabar dan mengiktiraf kesarjanaan keilmuan silam. Implikasi daripada ukuran ini boleh dijadikan panduan kepada pendakwah dalam menangani golongan ekstremis Melayu Islam

Film as a medium of communication for da'wah: analysis of religious elements in selected malay films

The use of film for conveying the message of da'wah is seen as a new approach that has to be taken as an opportunity This research uses a qualitative content analysis in dealing with religious elements in Malay feature films within the genre of (religious) drama. FINAS (2010) recorded that 26 films had been produced throughout the year 2009. Out of the 26 films, two were selected for the research by purposive sampling -categorized as films with religious elements -namely Syurga Cinta (2009) and Muallaf(2009) -Paradise of Love (2009) and Muslim Convert (2009). The research uses two important principles in film analysis, which are the story and plot, and the characters and character traits. The main objective of the research is to identify religious elements adopted in Malay films belonging to the religious genre in line with the concept of Islamic da 'wah or the opposite

Perception and Practice of Workplace Violence Prevention and Its Associated Factors among Employers at Healthcare Facilities in Melaka, Malaysia

Workplace violence (WPV) is a major public health concern, especially among healthcare workers. There is a negative perception and poor practice of healthcare employers towards WPV prevention. This study aims to determine the perception and practice towards WPV prevention and its associated factors among healthcare employers in Melaka, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted by recruiting 162 healthcare employers, using a validated questionnaire and utilised linear regression analysis. The participants had a mean percentage of 67.2% for perception and 80% for practice towards WPV prevention. The perception towards WPV prevention is associated with the following characteristics: female (adjusted ß = −3.95; 95% CI: −7.81, −0.09; p = 0.045), Indian ethnicity (adjusted ß = 16.04; 95% CI: 2.34, 29.74; p = 0.022), other ethnicities (adjusted ß = 25.71; 95% CI: 8.94, 42.47; p = 0.003), degree holder (adjusted ß = 4.35; 95% CI: 0.15, 8.54; p = 0.042), masters holder (adjusted ß = 7.63; 95% CI: 1.11, 14.14; p = 0.022), and enough funds (adjusted ß = −5.46; 95% CI: −9.25, −1.67; p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the practice towards WPV prevention is significantly associated with Chinese ethnicity (adjusted ß = −9.25; 95% CI: −18.36, −0.14; p = 0.047), Indian ethnicity (adjusted ß = −14.97; 95% CI: −29.48, −0.46; p = 0.043), other ethnicities (adjusted ß = 23.55; 95% CI: 5.59, 41.51; p = 0.011), degree holder (adjusted ß = −4.41; 95% CI: −8.67, −0.14; p = 0.043), and availability of standard operating procedure for reporting WPV (adjusted ß = 6.07; 95% CI: 1.58, 10.57; p = 0.008). The high perception and practice towards WPV prevention and its associated factors among healthcare employers provide evidence-based input to improve the existing measures for WPV prevention