Diagnostic and treatment methods of skeletal symptoms of haemophilia and education of patients regarding the disease – review study

Introduction. Haemophilia is a genetic haemorrhagic disorder that characterises with extensive and prolonged bleeding. In severe stages of the disease, joint haemorrhages may occur and eventually result in joint degeneration and haemophilic arthropathy. Aim of the study. Summary and evaluation of diagnostic and treatment methods of skeletal problems in patients with haemophilia. Review of patients’ knowledge about the disease. Material and methods. Review of the newest medical journal literature published on PubMed database. Results. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging method used to diagnose acute hemarthrosis and early stages of joint damage. Magnetic resonance is a standard tool in evaluation and scoring of haemophilic arthropathy. X-rays and computed tomography can also be additionally used, but are ineffective in imaging soft tissue and cartilage. Substitution of clotting factors is a standard treatment in haemophilia which reduces the frequency of bleeding. Arthrocentesis, synovectomy for example radiosynovectomy are effective in case of joint disorders. Intra-joint injections of hyaluronic acid are also effective. In advanced stages of haemophilic arthropathy joint replacement is recommended. Majority of patients with haemophilia claim that they are sufficiently educated about their disease. Conclusion. Haemophilic arthropathy is a severe joint destructing condition that causes limited mobility, chronic pain and a reduced quality of life. Its early diagnosis and proper treatment is necessary to avoid total destruction of the affected joint. Multidisciplinary care of the patient is an approach of great importance. Education of patients about their disease and up-to-date treatment methods is necessary

Potrzeba i znaczenie doświadczenia wiary w procesie wychowania religijnego. Analiza wybranych aspektów katechetyczno-pastoralnych

L’articolo intitolato Il bisogno e il significato dell’esperienza della fede nel processo dell’educazione religiosa. L’analisi di alcuni aspetti catechistici e pastorali è un tentative di mostrare la necessità delle esperienze della fede nel processo dell’educazione religiosa. L’autore parte dalla conviznione che nella catechesi d’oggi queste esperienze non sempre trovano la dovuta attenzione. L’insegnamento religioso nelle scuole, che in Polonia ha forte carttere catechistico, corre un serio rischio dell’intellettualismo. Si è coscienti che pure il suo ambiente rende difficile avere queste esperienze. Anche la catechesi parrocchiale nota in questo campo numerose difficoltà. In tale situazionie si cerca di sottolineare il bisogno e il ruolo del metodo esperienziale in riferimento ad alcuni aspetti catechistici e pastorali. Tra questi vengono analizzati i seguenti: lo sviluppo dell’attenzione alle esperienze della fede nella storia della catechesi, il concetto stesso dell’esperienza della fede, i principali motivi della presenza di queste esperieze nell’educazione alla fede, il problema della dimensione affettiva ed emozionale nell’atto dell’esprienza, le esperienze della fede nei principali luoghi della catechesi, e alla fine, alcune sfide di fronte alla prassi. L’autore conclude la sua riflessione con una forte e profonda convinzione secondo cui le esperienze della fede costutiscono un fondamento dell’efficacia della catechesi e in quanto tali non possono in nessun modo essere trascurate dai catechisti

Wychowawczo-aksjologiczne aspekty misji nauczyciela

The subject is part of a broader context of reflection on values-based education in Polish schools. The problem is presented as a very current and important issue. The author assumes that today there is a strong need for concern for the educational function of schools, which seems to be in crisis. This kind of opinion can be seen in several places of the text. The article can be viewed as a kind of contribution towards the reflection on the need for values in education. The subject of values is analysed in relation to certain aspects of educational reality. First, the focus is on the the important role of the educational and formative dimension of schools. The author concludes that schools’ mission is not limited to teaching but should also include educating and nurturing. He notes that the educational function of schools is not easy to implement. Among various difficulties, he mentions the influence of ideology and politics. Next, the issues of education based on values, especially the moral and social values, are presented. The author emphasizes the great influence of religious pedagogy and Christian education. Finally, the last point discusses how important it is for teachers to personally exemplify values. The final conclusion of the reflection leads us in the following direction: one of the main factors for the effectiveness of values-based education is the attitude and conduct of teachers

A 19 year old with heavy vaginal bleeding; unlikely diagnosis of uterine carcinsarcoma

Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare malignancy that has a high recurrence rate after treatment with very poor long term prognosis. Women are diagnosed usually over the age of 50, with most cases occurring between the sixth and seventh decade of life. We present a rare case of uterine carcinosarcoma diagnosed a nineteen year old after having a dilation and curettage for heavy vaginal bleeding. The patient went on to have a total abdominal hysterectomy with transposition of the ovaries as well as adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy

Analysis of the needs and possibilities of using psychological help among the society

Introduction Young people find themselves in stressful situations more and more frequently. Mental health and access to professional psychical help is necessary. Unfortunately, the availability of the psychologist's offices, as well as knowledge about mental health, is very limited. Aim of the study We aimed to check factors that cause stress and the access to psychological help in Poland. Material and method In order to analyze the issue, an Internet survey was prepared and disseminated in  February and March 2022. Results Over 80% of respondents claimed that sometime in their life they needed psychological help, although the majority of them did not seek professional help. 41,1% of people who took part in the survey could get help from psychologists in their place of work or study, but over 83% of them did not seek help there. Everyday problems and situations in work, school or university were mentioned as the most stressful situations (63,7%). According to the respondents' opinion, problems with concentration and nervousness (80,6% and 76,6% respectively) due to stress have a negative influence on their health. 74,2% of young people consider themselves as not stress-resistant. The best option to deal with stress is to listen to music or to converse with their closest ones. Conclusion Everyone should have ensured good access to psychological help. There is a great demand for it, regardless of gender or age. Despite the need to see an expert, the majority of people do not ask for help

The role of dietary education and vitamin supplementation in the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Introduction and purpose Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widely prevalent condition which affects mainly children. The disease is not as severe as other allergic disorders; however, its symptoms significantly impact the patient's quality of life. The therapeutic options have limited effectiveness and they are burdened with numerous side effects. In addition, AR’s underlying causes are not fully elucidated; thus, there is an urgent need to conduct more large sample studies on this topic. State of knowledge In recent years, research concerning the role of vitamin deficiency in AR pathogenesis gathered pace. Some studies report that children with vitamin A, C and D deficiencies more often suffer from allergic diseases, especially AR and asthma. Furthermore, they are more likely to have severe infections and other disorders caused by immune imbalance. The crucial aspect of vitamins' role in AR is their significant ability to modulate the immune response, especially adaptive, by restoring Th1/Th2 balance. Recent publications reported that vitamin supplementation in AR patients results in an improved clinical course of the disease and restored immune balance. Moreover, vitamins added to the typical treatment improve its effects. Conclusions This review aims to summarize the state of knowledge about the role of vitamin A, C and D deficiency in the pathogenesis of AR. Moreover, we point out the values of education in the field of proper dietary habits among AR patients. In addition, the effects of vitamin supplementation in AR patients are also emphasized

Analysis of the role of education and sport in the heavy burden of obesity

Obesity has become the global pandemic of the world. The epidemiological rise has only happened in recent decades. Unfortunately, the disease affects people of all ages. The most prominent characteristics of the disorder are excessive fat accumulation, body mass index exceeding the number of 30, and general lowering of the quality of life. The consequences are observed in the whole organism. The disruptions affect one’s overall homeostasis. Certain diseases are specifically associated with excessive fat mass. When not properly managed, obesity leads to chronic illnesses and severe comorbidities, the most morbid one being death. Thus, effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Focus on education and physical activity are the best way to tackle this problem. The aim of this study is to check the factors and changes necessary to lose weight in obese patients in Poland. The main question regarded the role of sport and proper education in maintaining or losing weight in the Polish society. In order to analyse the issue, an Internet survey was prepared and disseminated in March and April 2023. Over half of the respondents have ever used a diet. Over 8 out of ten of them achieved the success in the set task. When asked about physical activity, the most respondents chose option 30-60 minutes per day. The preferred type of physical activity was most commonly walking. When asked if sport enabled the respondents to lose or maintain weight – 63,5% confirmed. 72% of respondents experienced education regarding healthy lifestyle, most commonly at home. Over 60% of respondents believed they were well informed about recommended behaviours. Over 50% of them confirmed their education is sufficient to lose weight. Maintaining healthy regimes is key to a healthy life. However, not all people are properly educated how to do that. In fact, there is a tendency of overestimation of one’s education in those topics. All in all, proper experience and routines are necessary

The Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease causing damage to the macular region of the retina where most of the photoreceptors responsible for central visual acuity are located. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate genes by silent post-transcriptional gene expressions. Previous studies have shown that changes in specific miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases, including AMD. Altered expressions of miRNAs are related to disturbances of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, which are known factors in the pathogenesis of AMD. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA is involved in drusen formation. Thus, miRNAs may be used as potential molecular biomarkers for the disease and, furthermore, tailoring therapeutics to particular disturbances in miRNAs may, in the future, offer hope to prevent irreversible vision loss. In this review, we clarify the current state of knowledge about the influence of miRNA on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of AMD. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases using "Age-related macular degeneration", "miRNA", "AMD biomarkers", "miRNA therapeutics" and "AMD pathogenesis" as keywords. Paper search was limited to articles published from 2011 to date. In the section "Retinal, circulating and vitreous body miRNAs found in human studies", we limited the search to studies with patients published in 2016-2021

Serum interferon levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Levels of interferon (IFN) were measured in 81 serum samples from 23 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by a plaque-reduction method and correlated retrospectively with clinical records of disease activity, anti-DNA binding, and serum complement measurements. IFN titers were found to correlate with both clinical disease activity and anti-DNA binding, but no relation was found to serum complement. Most (76.6%, 31 of 41) serum samples obtained during periods of active disease contained measureable amounts of IFN, but only 9.1% (2 of 22) of results of tests on samples obtained during periods of disease quiescence were positive ( P 40%), 69.7% (23 of 33) had positive results for IFN, but 57.1% (8 of 14) had negative results when the anti-DNA binding was normal (< 20%) ( P < 0.005). Measurement of serum IFN titers in patients with SLE, therefore, provides another serologic marker of disease activity. Contrary to the findings of previous studies, the IFN found in the present study was characterized as IFN-Α, or Type I IFN, on the basis of acid stability and neutralization by antibody to IFN-Α. Of interest are the questions raised about the origin of IFN in the sera of patients with SLE and what role IFN might have in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease in view of the many documented immunomodulating effects of IFN.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37760/1/1780250407_ftp.pd