Angioscopic Evaluation of Thrombi in the Culprit Coronary Lesions in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intracoronary thrombi in the culprit lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by angioscopy, and to compare them with clinical and angiographic features. We angioscopically observed the culprit coronary lesions in 66 patients with AMI (55 males and 11 females, 63.9±15.4 years old) just before interventional therapy. Thrombi were observed in 42 of 66 lesions (64%), namely, red thrombi in 16, mixed thrombi in 15, white thrombi in 11. In patients with complete obstruction (TIMI grade 0 and I), red thrombi were more frequently observed than mixed or white thrombi. On the other hand, in patients with incomplete obstruction (TIMI grade II and III), white thrombi were more frequently observed than the others. Angiographically, haziness and filling defect were significantly more frequently observed in patients with red thrombi than the others (p<0.05). The distance from proximal side branch to thrombi tended to be longer in patients with red thrombi than the others. The time from onset of AMI tended to be longer in patients with white thrombi than the others. These results suggest that blood flow may be an important determinant of thrombi characterization

Tannic acid inhibits insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue and insulin receptor function in vitro

10.1007/BF02128747Experientia516577-584EXPE

Assays for insulin and insulin-like activity based on adipocytes.

Data from the metabolic assays (and signaling assays; see below) are calculated as stimulation factor above basal activity (absence of insulin/compound/drug candidate) for processes stimulated (e.g., lipogenesis, glucose transport, and GLUT4 translocation) or as difference between the basal and insulin/compound/drug candidate-induced values for processes downregulated (e.g., lipolysis). In each case, these data, which reflect the responsiveness of the metabolic effector system studied toward the respective stimulus (insulin/compound/drug candidate), are normalized to the basal (set at 0 %) and maximal insulin action (set at 100 %; elicited by maximally effective concentration of insulin). For characterization of the sensitivity of the metabolic effector system toward the respective stimulus, effective concentrations for the induction of 150 % (or higher) of the basal activity (set at 100 %) can be given. These so-called EC150-values facilitate the insulin-independent comparison of the relative potency of the insulin-like activity between compounds/drug candidates, in general, and in particular for those frequently observed stimuli, which do not elicit the same maximal response in % stimulation or inhibition and/or fail to approach the maximal insulin response