Leukocytapheresis Therapy Improved Cholestasis in a Patient Suffering from Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis with Ulcerative Colitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune disease of the hepatobiliary system for which effective therapy has not been established. Leukocytapheresis (LCAP) therapy is known to effective in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). In addition, effects of LCAP therapy were reported on some autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Here we report the case of a 29-year-old man with PSC associated with UC who was treated with LCAP therapy. He had a 16-year history of UC and a 12-year history of PSC. Although he was under treatment with prednisolone and ursodeoxycholic acid, exacerbation of UC and PSC-associated cholestasis were seen. Since he showed side effects of prednisolone, he was treated with LCAP. Not only improvement of UC, but also decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, γ-guanosine triphosphate and total bile acids, suggesting improvement of PSC-associated cholestaisis, were seen after treatment with LCAP. Our experience with this case suggests that LCAP therapy could be a new effective therapeutic strategy for patients with PSC associated with UC

Collecting and Analyzing Nonverbal Elements for Maintenance of Human-Machine Dialogue

This paper describes collecting and analyzing nonverbal elements for maintenance of dialogue using a Wizard of Oz (WOZ) simulation. Many WOZ experiments have been reported to date, but those were mainly designed to develop specific spoken dialogue applications. Our WOZ experiment is designed to collect data in order to analyze the elements which enable the interaction between human and machine. We have done experiments for forty subjects. Each subject talked with the WOZ system from thirty to sixty minutes. 1 Introduction Constructing speech dialogue systems, it is valuable to collecting and analyzing speech data. Especially, spoken dialogue data are valuable for not only studying and utilizing the resulting speech, but also evaluating the techniques necessary in modules of the system, such as speech processing module, natural language processing module, and so on. There are three types of the spoken dialogue data which have been recorded: i) dialogue between humans, ii) dialogue bet..