Parámetros hematológicos y laboratoriales tempranos asociados con la mortalidad por COVID-19 en una población amazónica del Perú

COVID-19 has a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia are associated with increased severity and even death in COVID-19 cases. Objective: The aim is to examine the laboratory results of COVID-19 patients from a hospital in the Peruvian Amazon and their clinical prognosis. Material and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out whose purpose was to identify the laboratory tests of patients with COVID-19 and mortality in a hospital in Ucayali, Peru during the period from March 13 to May 9, 2020, selecting a total of 127 with Covid-19. Mean and the standard deviation was described for age, leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, RDW-SD; median and interquartile range for the variables lymphocyte, RN / L, fibrinogen, CRP, D-dimer, DHL, hematocrit, monocytes, eosinophils. Results: No differences were observed in this population regarding death and sex (OR: 1.31; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.87), however, it was observed that, for each one-year increase, the probability of death increased by 4% (PR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05). The IRR (Incidence Risk Ratio) analysis for the numerical variables showed results strongly associated with hematological values such as Leukocytes (scaled by 2500 units) (IRR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), neutrophils (scaled by 2500 units) (IRR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), on the contrary, it is observed that the increase of 1000 units in lymphocytes, the probability of dying decreased by 48% (IRR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 071). Conclusions: Parameters such as leukocytes,neutrophils and D-dimer were statistically much higher in patients who died.COVID-19 tiene un impacto significativo en el sistema hematopoyético y la hemostasia. La leucocitosis, la linfopenia y la trombocitopenia se asocian con una mayor gravedad e incluso la muerte en los casos de COVID-19. Objetivo: examinar los resultados de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 de un hospital de la Amazonía peruana y su pronóstico clínico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico cuyo propósito fue identificar las pruebas de laboratorio de pacientes con COVID-19 y mortalidad en un hospital de Ucayali, Perú durante el periodo del 13 de marzo al 9 de mayo del 2020, seleccionando un total de 127 con COVID-19. Se describió la media y la desviación estándar para edad, leucocitos, neutrófilos, plaquetas, RDW-SD; mediana y rango intercuartílico para las variables linfocito, RN/L, fibrinógeno, PCR, dímero D, DHL, hematocrito, monocitos, eosinófilos. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias en esta población en cuanto a muerte y sexo (OR: 1,31; IC 95% 0,92 a 1,87), sin embargo, se observó que, por cada aumento de un año, la probabilidad de muerte aumentaba un 4% (RP: 1,04). , IC del 95%: 1,03 a 1,05). El análisis de RIR (Razón de incidencia de riesgos) para las variables numéricas mostró resultados fuertemente asociados con valores hematológicos como Leucocitos (escala de 2500 unidades) (RRI: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 a 1.13), neutrófilos (escala de 2500 unidades) (RRI: 1.08; IC 95% 1.03 a 1.13), por el contrario, se observa que al aumento de 1000 unidades en linfocitos, la probabilidad de morir disminuyó en un 48% (TIR: 0.52; IC 95% 0.38 a 071). Conclusiones: Parámetros tales como los leucocitos, los neutrófilos y el dímero D fueron estadísticamente mucho más altos en los pacientes que fallecieron

Bioactive compounds in seaweed; functional food applications and legislation

Seaweed is more than the wrap that keeps rice together in sushi. Seaweed biomass is already used for a wide range of other products in food, including stabilising agents. Biorefineries with seaweed as feedstock are attracting worldwide interest and include low-volume, high value-added products and vice versa. Scientific research on bioactive compounds in seaweed usually takes place on just a few species and compounds. This paper reviews worldwide research on bioactive compounds, mainly of nine genera or species of seaweed, which are also available in European temperate Atlantic waters, i.e. Laminaria sp., Fucus sp., Ascophyllum nodosum, Chondrus crispus, Porphyra sp., Ulva sp., Sargassum sp., Gracilaria sp. and Palmaria palmata. In addition, Undaria pinnatifida is included in this review as this is globally one of the most commonly produced, investigated and available species. Fewer examples of other species abundant worldwide have also been included. This review will supply fundamental information for biorefineries in Atlantic Europe using seaweed as feedstock. Preliminary selection of one or several candidate seaweed species will be possible based on the summary tables and previous research described in this review. This applies either to the choice of high value-added bioactive products to be exploited in an available species or to the choice of seaweed species when a bioactive compound is desired. Data are presented in tables with species, effect and test organism (if present) with examples of uses to enhance comparisons. In addition, scientific experiments performed on seaweed used as animal feed are presented, and EU, US and Japanese legislation on functional foods is reviewed