18 research outputs found
Quantum realism: axiomatization and quantification
The emergence of an objective reality in line with the laws of the
microscopic world has been the focus of longstanding debates. Recent approaches
seem to have reached a consensus at least with respect to one aspect, namely,
that the encoding of information about a given observable in a physical degree
of freedom is a necessary condition for such observable to become an element of
the physical reality. Taking this as a fundamental premise and inspired by
quantum information theory, here we build an axiomatization for quantum realism
-- a notion of realism compatible with quantum theory. Our strategy consists of
listing some physically-motivated principles able to characterize quantum
realism in a ``metric'' independent manner. We introduce some criteria defining
monotones and measures of realism and then search for potential candidates
within some celebrated information theories -- those induced by the von
Neumann, R\'enyi, and Tsallis entropies. We explicitly construct some classes
of entropic quantifiers that are shown to satisfy (almost all of) the proposed
axioms and hence can be taken as faithful estimates for the degree of reality
(or definiteness) of a given physical observable. Hopefully, our framework may
offer a formal ground for further discussions on foundational aspects of
quantum mechanics.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Applications of Legal Psychology in Japan: Current Practice, Research Knowledge, and Future Directions
Legal psychology is field of research which seeks to bring evidence-based practice to the vital work of the criminal justice system. This research is increasingly being conducted and its findings applied around the world. However, worldwide legal systems and their processes can vary greatly. In the current paper, we summarise discussions between legal psychology academics and criminal justice practitioners from Japan. Together, we examine how practices in the Japanese criminal justice system interact with the international evidence base for psychologically-informed ‘best practice’ approaches. Our discussion targets areas of popular study in legal psychology, focusing on concealed crime knowledge detection, line up identification procedures, and investigative interviewing of witnesses, suspects, and victims. Each section features a description of current Japanese practice, followed by a review of the current state of the relevant academic legal psychological literature. We then connect this practice and research synergy to a reflection with suggestions for future research. Taken together, our paper acts as a conduit to incentivise more research and practice collaboration for Japanese and non-Japanese audiences and presents opportunities for collective international legal psychology
Nonlocality, quantum correlations, and violations of classical realism in the dynamics of two noninteracting quantum walkers
High-dimensional monitoring and the emergence of realism via multiple observers
Quantum measurements are unitary evolutions followed by partial traces. Based
on that, we address the problem of the emergence of physical reality from the
quantum world by introducing a model that interpolates between weak and strong
non-selective measurements for qudits. Our model, which is based on generalized
observables and Heisenberg-Weyl operators, suggests that for high-dimensional
qudits, full information about the system can only be obtained by making the
system interact with not just one but several environmental qudits, following a
Quantum Darwinism framework.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Generation of a homozygous CRYAB p.Arg120Gly mutant (UKEi001-A-1) from a human iPSC line
Variants in CRYAB can lead to desmin-related (cardio-)myopathy (DRM), a genetic muscle disorder with no curative treatment available. We introduced a homozygous CRYAB c.358G > A (p.Arg120Gly) mutation, which is established for the study of DRM in mice, into a donor human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line. Control and mutant hiPSCs were tested for karyotype integrity and pluripotency marker expression. HiPSCs could be differentiated into endoderm, ectoderm and cardiomyocytes as a mesodermal derivative in vitro. CRYABhom hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes developed intracellular CRYAB aggregates, which is a hallmark of DRM. This newly created mutant can be utilized to study DRM and cardiac proteinopathy in a human context