LA JUSTICIA INDÍGENA EN Ecuador: EL CASO DE LA COMUNIDAD DE TUNTATACTO

The text analyzes in depth the case of the Tuntatacto community, a population that, in accordance with its ancestral culture, exercises Indigenous Justice processes on certain behaviors considered crimes within its territory. The analysis of this context through the existing legal framework, together with a series of interviews and the application of a questionnaire in the community itself, allow us to explore the various forms of application of Indigenous Justice as well as the elements that articulate it. The inconsistency taxonomy existing in the current regulatory framework is analyzed, making clear the collision of rights between indigenous justice and ordinary justice applied throughout the State. The work delves into the application and interpretation of the law and the interaction between these systems based on the need to provide training alternatives in legal justice. All this incardinated in a lack of social training that allows establishing guidelines for the defense of the principles of justice and respect for the culture of indigenous peoples in order to contribute to reach higher levels of social opportunities for citizens. Aspects not fully achieved due to exogenous elements with particular interests such as the exercise of actions of hegemonic domination, concentration of natural resources in their territories and linkage to poverty among others

La Justicia indígena en la comunidad de Tuntatacto (Ecuador): moral o derecho

The text analyzes in depth the case of the Tuntatacto community, a population that, in accordance with its ancestral culture, exercises Indigenous Justice processes on certain behaviors considered crimes within its territory. The analysis of this context through the existing legal framework, together with a series of interviews and the application of a questionnaire in the community itself, allow us to explore the various forms of application of Indigenous Justice as well as the elements that articulate it. The inconsistency taxonomy existing in the current regulatory framework is analyzed, making clear the collision of rights between indigenous justice and ordinary justice applied throughout the State. The work delves into the application and interpretation of the law and the interaction between these systems based on the need to provide training alternatives in legal justice. All this incardinated in a lack of social training that allows establishing guidelines for the defense of the principles of justice and respect for the culture of indigenous peoples in order to contribute to reach higher levels of social opportunities for citizens. Aspects not fully achieved due to exogenous elements with particular interests such as the exercise of actions of hegemonic domination, concentration of natural resources in their territories and linkage to poverty among others.El texto analiza en profundidad el caso de la comunidad Tuntatacto, población que de acuerdo con su cultura ancestral ejerce procesos de justicia indígena sobre determinadas conductas consideradas delito dentro de su territorio. El análisis de este contexto a través del marco legal existente, junto a una serie de entrevistas y la aplicación de un cuestionario en la propia comunidad, permiten explorar las diversas formas de aplicación de la justicia indígena así como los elementos que la articulan. Se analiza la taxonomía de incoherencias existente en el marco normativo vigente, dejando patente la colisión de derechos entre justicia indígena y justicia ordinaria aplicada en todo el Estado. El trabajo ahonda en la aplicación e interpretación de la ley y la interacción entre dichos sistemas partiendo de la necesidad de brindar alternativas de formación en materia de justicia jurídica. Todo ello incardinado en una falta de formación social que permita establecer directrices para la defensa de los principios de justicia y respeto de la cultura de los pueblos indígenas con la finalidad de contribuir a alcanzar niveles superiores de oportunidades sociales para los ciudadanos. Aspectos no logrados en su plenitud debido a elementos exógenos con intereses particulares como el ejercicio de acciones de dominación hegemónica, concentración de recursos naturales en sus territorios y vinculación a pobreza entre otros

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2