Increased micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa and oxidative damage in saliva from patients with chronic and aggressive periodontal diseases

Background and objective Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction because of inflammatory and immune response caused by periodontopathogens and long-term release of reactive oxygen species. A high number of reactive oxygen species result in periodontal tissue damage through multiple mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation and DNA damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA and oxidative damage in subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. Material and methods Buccal mucosa cells and whole saliva were collected from 160 subjects, who were divided into three groups: subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 58), subjects with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) (n = 42) and a control group (n = 60). DNA damage was determined by counting micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in exfoliated cells, including binucleated cells, cells with nuclear buds and karyolitic, karyorrhectic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells. The degree of oxidative stress was determined by quantifying 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in whole saliva. Results Subjects with CP or AgP presented significantly more ( p < 0.05) MN and NAs and higher levels of 8-OHdG ( p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion Our results indicate that subjects with periodontitis (CP or AgP) exhibited an increase in the frequency of MN, NAs and 8-OHdG, which is directly related to DNA damage. In addition, a positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by periodontitis disease and MN

Genome Damage in Rats after Transplacental Exposure to Jatropha dioica Root Extract

Jatropha dioica is traditionally used owing to its antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. But, toxicological information regarding J. dioica root total extract is currently limited. The aim of this work was to evaluate in a rat model, the transplacental genotoxicity effect of J. dioica aqueous root total extract. Three different J. dioica aqueous root total extract doses (60, 100, and 300 mg/kg) were administered orally to Wistar rats during 5 days through the pregnancy term (16–21 days). Pregnant rats were sampled every 24 h during the last 6 days of gestation, and pubs were sampled at birth. Genome damage in dams and their newborn pups transplacentally exposed to J. dioica was evaluated by in vivo micronuclei assay. We evaluated the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE), micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE), and polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in peripheral blood samples from pups and MNPCE and PCE in pregnant rats. No genotoxic effect was observed after oral administration of the three different doses of aqueous root total extract of J. dioica in pregnant or in their newborn pubs, after transplacental exposure. A significant decrease in PCE frequency was noted in samples from pubs of rats treated with the highest dose of J. dioica extract. The aqueous total root extract of J. dioica at the highest dose tested in our research do have cytotoxic effect in pups transplacentally exposed to this plant extract. Moreover, neither a genotoxic nor a cytotoxic effect was observed in pregnant rats. In the present work, there was no evidence of genome damage in the rat model after transplacental exposure to J. dioica aqueous root total extract

DNA protective effect of rosmarinus officinalis total extract in mouse peripheral blood

Rosmarinus officinalis is a common household aromatic plant widely used in cosmetic, food and folk medicine. The aim of this study was evaluated rosmarinus total extract (RTE) protective effect on DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and evidence the lack of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of RTE in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Balb-C mice using the micronucleus assay. To evaluate the DNA protective effect, the dose of 100mg/kg of RTE was used and given orally. Following was the admiration of CP (50mg/kg). To evaluated the lack genotoxic or cytotoxic, three doses (30, 100 and 300mg/kg) of RTE were administered orally. A drop of blood was obtained from the tip of the tail of each mouse 24h for six days. We found no increase of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) or micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE). Nor did polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) decline in mice treated with one of the three different doses of RTE. RTE extracts were capable of diminished DNA damage caused by CP thus reducing MNE and MNPCE frequencies. The lack of genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of the RTE and reduces the genotoxicity caused by CP, suggest the potential therapeutic usefulness of this plant extract.Rosmarinus officinalis is a common household aromatic plant widely used in cosmetic, food and folk medicine. The aim of this study was evaluated rosmarinus total extract (RTE) protective effect on DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) and evidence the lack of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of RTE in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Balb-C mice using the micronucleus assay. To evaluate the DNA protective effect, the dose of 100mg/kg of RTE was used and given orally. Following was the admiration of CP (50mg/kg). To evaluated the lack genotoxic or cytotoxic, three doses (30, 100 and 300mg/kg) of RTE were administered orally. A drop of blood was obtained from the tip of the tail of each mouse 24h for six days. We found no increase of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNE) or micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE). Nor did polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) decline in mice treated with one of the three different doses of RTE. RTE extracts were capable of diminished DNA damage caused by CP thus reducing MNE and MNPCE frequencies. The lack of genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of the RTE and reduces the genotoxicity caused by CP, suggest the potential therapeutic usefulness of this plant extract