Time from primary study publication to incorporation in systematic review.

<p>Analysis of 792 study reports incorporated into 73 systematic reviews across 28 high priority topics in the field of neurotrauma. Study reports were included in the analysis if they were incorporated into a systematic review relevant to one of the high priority topics and published in the period 2001–2009. Systematic reviews were included in the analysis if they were relevant to one of the high priority topics and published in the period 2001–2012. Bars represent medians and interquartile range.</p

Living systematic review: modifications to conventional systematic review and key challenges.

<p>Living systematic review: modifications to conventional systematic review and key challenges.</p

Current and emerging health knowledge ecosystems.

<p>The current health knowledge ecosystem (inner circle) is characterized by inefficiencies that hamper the flow of knowledge from health practice through primary research, systematic review and guidelines, and finally back to impacts on health practice. The new health knowledge ecosystem that is emerging (outer circle) is characterized by a continuous flow of knowledge between efficient, living components, including the growing importance of learning health care systems, which together with traditional primary research will populate common data repositories. Living evidence services derived from these repositories, supporting living guidance and decision support systems will close a “living” health knowledge loop.</p

Randomised controlled trials not included in any systematic review, with reasons.

<p>Randomised controlled trials not included in any systematic review, with reasons.</p

Systematic review characteristics and quality, with number of included and non-included RCTs.

<p>Systematic review characteristics and quality, with number of included and non-included RCTs.</p

Currency, completeness, and quality of single-intervention systematic reviews.

<p>Each bubble represents a single-intervention systematic review (n = 80). The ideal scenario is for bubbles to sit in the bottom right corner (denoting high quality and completeness), and be green in colour (denoting currency). Abbreviations: RCT = randomised controlled trial, SR = systematic review.</p